Figure 6 | Scientific Reports

Figure 6

From: Physico-chemical properties based differential toxicity of graphene oxide/reduced graphene oxide in human lung cells mediated through oxidative stress

Figure 6

Mode of cell death analysis in GD exposed human lung cells.

(a) Flow cytometry based Annexin V/PI assay showed a significant increase in necrotic cells in A549 (upper panel) whereas apoptotic cells increase in BEAS-2B (lower panel) after 24 h exposure. (b) Representative TEM photomicrographs showing necrosis in A549 and apoptosis in BEAS-2B cells (red arrow – apoptotic bodies). (c) Effect of respective inhibitor i.e. Nec-1 (necroptosis inhibitor) on necrotic cell death in A549 cells whereas Q-vd-Oph (apoptosis inhibitor) on apoptosis in A549 cells (d) was also evaluated. Both inhibitors was found to alter the expression level of respective genes which indicate the activation of differential cell death pathway in GD exposed cells which depends upon the cellular phenotype. Further, effect of respective inhibitors on cell death in A549 (e) and BEAS-2B cells (f) after exposure of GO and TRGO denotes the rescue of both cells and restoration of cellular viability. Data represents mean ± SE of three independent experiment. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, compared to control value.

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