Table 4 Comparison of baseline demographics between patients with typcial Age-related Macular Degeneration (typical AMD) and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV).

From: Systemic, Ocular and Genetic Risk Factors for Age-related Macular Degeneration and Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy in Singaporeans

	Baseline Characteristics			Demographic risk factor analysis PCV (n = 241) vs typical AMD (n = 215)				Genetic and demographic risk factor analysis PCV (n = 86) vs typical AMD (n = 64)
	AMD (N = 215)	PCV (N = 241)	P	Age and gender adjusted OR (95% CI)	p	Multiple Adjusted* OR (95% CI)	p	Age and gender adjusted OR (95% CI)	p	Multiple Adjusted ^# OR (95% CI)	p
Age (years)	70.7 (10.15)	68.3 (8.47)	0.008	0.97 (0.95, 0.99)	0.009	0.96 (0.91, 1.00)	0.064	0.97 (0.94, 1.01)	0.097	0.97 (0.93, 1.01)	0.104
Gender, female (%)	36.3	38.6	0.611	1.06 (0.72, 1.56)	0.762	0.69 (0.22, 2.18)	0.528	1.38 (0.69, 2.72)	0.361	1.09 (0.40, 2.99)	0.867
Race			0.956
Chinese (%)	93.0	93.4		Reference		—		—	—	—	—
Malay (%)	5.12	4.56		0.78 (0.32, 1.85)	0.557	—		—	—	—	—
Indian (%)	1.86	2.07		1.00 (0.26, 3.84)	0.999	—		—	—	—	—
Presenting Vision ± SD (LogMAR)	1.00 (0.64)	0.76 (0.60)	<0.001	NA		NA		—	—	—	—
BMI ± SD (kg/m²)	24.4 (4.32)	24.4 (3.79)	0.973	0.99 (0.94, 1.04)	0.668	—		0.93 (0.85, 1.02)	0.131	0.94 (0.85, 1.04)	0.229
Hypertension (%)	73.4	70.6	0.506	1.00 (0.65, 2.04)	0.985	—		1.62 (0.73, 3.58)	0.232	2.03 (0.77, 5.34)	0.153
Creatinine ± SD (mmol/L)	86.7 (39.6)	80.0 (24.7)	0.044	0.99 (0.99, 1.00)	0.134	0.99 (0.98, 1.00)	0.316	0.99 (0.98, 1.00)	0.063	0.99 (0.98, 1.00)	0.167
Smoking status			0.508
Nonsmoker (%)	60.3	56.1		Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference
Past smoker (%)	24.3	24.3		1.30 (0.75, 2.26)	0.350	0.86 (0.29, 2.53)	0.788	1.16 (0.46, 2.92)	0.755	1.19 (0.42, 3.36)	0.745
Current smoker (%)	15.3	19.6		1.49 (0.81, 2.75)	0.197	1.33 (0.35, 5.03)	0.675	1.93 (0.63, 5.89)	0.246	1.25 (0.36, 4.27)	0.726
Current and past smoker			0.260
No	84.7	80.4		Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference
Yes	15.3	19.6		1.32 (0.76, 2.30)	0.323	1.43 (0.42, 4.86)	0.571	1.81 (0.65, 5.06)	0.260	1.15 (0.37, 3.53)	0.812
Cardiovascular disease (%)	15.1	12.3	0.416	0.82 (0.45, 1.49)	0.517	—		0.37 (0.10, 1.37)	0.136	0.41 (0.10, 1.68)	0.216
Stroke (%)	4.35	5.63	0.559	1.52 (0.59, 3.87)	0.385	—		0.43 (0.04, 5.08)	0.506	—	—
Diabetes (%)	40.7	37.0	0.434	0.87 (0.59, 1.29)	0.488	—		0.63 (0.32, 1.26)	0.194	0.62 (0.27, 1.39)	0.244
Glucose ± SD (mmol/L)	6.91 (2.50)	6.36 (2.14)	0.209	0.91 (0.77, 1.07)	0.265	0.92 (0.76, 1.12)	0.416	0.97 (0.77, 1.23)	0.829	—	—
Hba1c ± SD (%)	6.13 (0.92)	6.06 (0.79)	0.455	0.92 (0.73, 1.17)	0.506	—		0.95 (0.62, 1.46)	0.823	—	—
Total Cholesterol ± SD (mmol/L)	5.07 (1.15)	5.11 (1.07)	0.722	0.95 (0.79, 1.16)	0.628	—		1.04 (0.77, 1.42)	0.784	—	—
LDL-cholesterol ± SD (mmol/L)	3.11 (0.98)	3.07 (0.84)	0.746	0.88 (0.64, 1.19)	0.401	—		0.80 (0.44, 1.46)	0.467	—	—
HDL-cholesterol ± SD (mmol/L)	1.42 (0.48)	1.34 (0.34)	0.125	0.54 (0.26, 1.12)	0.100	0.79 (0.30, 2.05)	0.630	0.58 (0.20, 1.67)	0.315	—	—
Axial Length ± SD (mm)	23.6 (2.31)	23.5 (1.07)	0.816	0.97 (0.85, 1.10)	0.639	—		1.04 (0.90, 1.20)	0.622	—	—
Pseudophakia (%)	32.6	24.5	0.056	0.81 (0.52, 1.27)	0.358	—		0.77 (0.35, 1.71)	0.524	—	—
CFH (rs800292_A)	—	—	—	—		—		0.84 (0.49, 1.45)	0.541	—	—
ARMS2 (rs10490924_T)	—	—	—	—		—		0.80 (0.50, 1.28)	0.359	—	—
CETP (rs3764261_A)	—	—	—	—		—		1.08 (0.59, 1.99)	0.799	—	—
D442G (rs2303790_G)	—	—	—	—		—		0.80 (0.22, 2.96)	0.740	—	—

^*Adjusted for age, gender, smoking, creatinine, glucose and HDL cholesterol.
^#Adjusted for age, gender, BMI, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, creatinine and cardiovascular disease.
Genotype analysis was available in a subgroup of patients. SD standard deviation; BMI body mass index; LDL-cholesterol Low density Lipoprotein- cholesterol; HDL-cholesterol High density Lipoprotein cholesterol; OR Odds ratio, CI confidence intervals.

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Table 4 Comparison of baseline demographics between patients with typcial Age-related Macular Degeneration (typical AMD) and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV).

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