Figure 3: Expression of MVB markers in day 4 late blastocysts.

Immunofluorescence staining of MVB markers in day 4 blastocysts. Blastocysts were obtained at 9–10 PM on day 4. At this time, most blastocysts have escaped from the zona pellucidae (zona-free) and are ready for implantation, while some stay within them (zona-encased). Blastocysts were stained with the indicated antibodies. To stain the trophectodermal cell border, an anti-E-cadherin antibody was used57. In zona-encased blastocysts, CD63, Tsg101, and LBPA were expressed at very low levels. In zona-escaped blastocysts, CD63 (green) and Tsg101 (green) were upregulated, but LBPA (red) was not observed. The experiments were repeated three times in average 6 zona-encased and 14 zona-free blastocysts for each antigen.