Figure 1: Effect of estrogen deprivation and obese-insulin resistance on left ventricular function and heart rate variability prior to pharmacological interventions.

12 weeks after ovariectomy, normal-diet fed ovariectomized rats (NDO) and high fat-diet fed ovariectomized rats (HFO) had reduced % fractional shortening (a), reduced % ejection fraction (b) and had increased LF/HF ratio (c), when compared with normal-diet fed sham operated (NDS) rats. Values are meanā±āSEM for 6 rats in each group. *Pā<ā0.05 vs. NDS.