Figure 5: The effects of the pharmacological interventions on calcium homeostasis in iron-overloaded rats.

Diagram demonstrating the suggested mechanisms of chronic iron overload on cardiac intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis, and left ventricular function as well as the effects of the pharmacological interventions on cardiac intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis, and left ventricular dysfunction mediated by chronic iron overload. Dashed arrows indicate the effects of either DFO, DFP, DFX or NAC treatment; solid arrows indicate the effects of combined DFP plus NAC treatment. Ca2+ = calcium; DFO = deferoxamine; DFP = deferiprone; DFX = deferasirox; NAC = N-acetyl cysteine.