Figure 3 | Scientific Reports

Figure 3

From: Enhancement of tetragonal anisotropy and stabilisation of the tetragonal phase by Bi/Mn-double-doping in BaTiO3 ferroelectric ceramics

Figure 3

(a) Bi-L3 XANES spectra of Bi-doped and Bi/Mn-doubly doped BaTiO3, and of standards BaBiO3, BiFeO3, and 0.67BiFeO3-0.33BaTiO3 solid solution. (b) Bi-L3 EXAFS spectra k3χ(k) of Bi-doped and Bi/Mn-doubly doped BaTiO3. (c) RSFs for Bi-doped and Bi/Mn-doubly doped BaTiO3 from Bi-L3 EXAFS spectra, and analytical results of the Bi RSF of BaTiO3:Mn:Bi(0.4%). (d) Schematic view of Bi and O displacements with respect to Ti atom coordination. (e) RSFs for undoped, Mn-doped, Bi-doped, and Bi/Mn-doubly doped BaTiO3 from Ba-K EXAFS spectra. (f) Mn-K XANES spectra of Mn-doped and Bi/Mn-doubly doped BaTiO3, and LaMnO3 and SrMnO3 standards. (g) Mn EXAFS spectra k2χ(k) of Mn-doped and Bi/Mn-doubly doped BaTiO3. (h) RSFs for Mn-doped and Bi/Mn-doubly doped BaTiO3 from Mn-K EXAFS spectra, and analytical results of the Mn RSF of BaTiO3:Mn:Bi(0.2%).

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