Figure 1

A summary of factors involved in the induction, specification and maturation of dopaminergic (DA) neurons affected by either developmental vitamin D (DVD)-deficiency or maternal immune activation (MIA) at various stages of embryonic brain development. (▴ Increase in expression; ▾ decrease in expression; ▪ expression normalized or unaltered). COMT, catechol-o-methyl transferase; DOPAC, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid; FGF8, fibroblast growth factor 8; HVA, homovanilic acid; SHH, Sonic hedge hog; TH, tyrosine hydroxylase.