Table 1 Demographics of the full sample, ‘high mother time spent’ subsample and ‘low mother time spent’ subsample
From: Infant frontal EEG asymmetry in relation with postnatal maternal depression and parenting behavior
Measure | Full sample (N=111) | ‘High mother time spent’ subsample (N=55) | ‘Low mother time spent’ subsample (N=56) |
|---|---|---|---|
Infant characteristics | |||
Gestational age (week), mean (s.d.) | 39.02 (1.01) | 39.03 (1.10) | 39.02 (0.92) |
Birth weight (kg), mean (s.d.) | 3.16 (0.38) | 3.14 (0.39) | 3.18 (0.36) |
APGAR, mean | 9 | 9 | 9 |
Gender, male/female | 49/62 | 26/29 | 23/33 |
Age at EEG visit (week), mean (s.d.) | 26.39 (0.95) | 26.37 (1.00) | 26.40 (0.90) |
Infant frontal EEG | |||
Left frontal EEG power, mean (s.d.) | 12.90 (2.29) | 13.05 (2.44) | 12.76 (2.14) |
Range | 5.22 to 18.09 | 5.22 to 18.09 | 7.50 to 17.74 |
Right frontal EEG power, mean (s.d.) | 10.40 (2.20) | 10.61 (2.34) | 10.21 (2.05) |
Range | 3.39 to 15.96 | 3.39 to 15.96 | 5.86 to 15.18 |
Frontal EEG asymmetry, mean (s.d.) | −0.11 (0.07) | −0.11 (0.08) | −0.11 (0.06) |
Range | −0.33 to 0.14 | −0.33 to 0.14 | −0.29 to 0.13 |
Mother characteristics | |||
EPDS Prenatal Maternal Depression score, mean (s.d.) | 7.29 (4.42) | 7.96 (4.29) | 6.63 (4.49) |
Range | 0.00 to 21.00 | 0.00 to 21.00 | 0.00 to 19.00 |
EPDS Postnatal Maternal Depression score, mean (s.d.) | 6.59 (4.75) | 6.78 (4.66) | 6.41 (4.87) |
Range | 0.00 to 21.00 | 0.00 to 19.00 | 0.00 to 21.00 |
Maternal sensitivity, mean (s.d.) | 0.26 (0.46) | 0.21 (0.48) | 0.30 (0.44) |
Range | −0.76 to 0.90 | −0.76 to 0.82 | −0.62 to 0.90 |
Mother time spent (%), mean (s.d.) | 61.47 (32.56) | 90.40 (17.37) | 33.07 (12.89) |
Maternal age (year), mean (s.d.) | 30.27 (4.71) | 30.89 (4.88) | 29.66 (4.50) |
Maternal ethnicity, % | |||
Chinese | 58.6 | 54.5 | 62.5 |
Malay | 28.8 | 23.6 | 33.9 |
Indian | 12.6 | 21.8 | 3.6 |
Maternal education, % | |||
Primary school | 2.7 | 1.9 | 3.6 |
Secondary school | 18.2 | 24.1 | 12.5 |
Pre-university, diploma or technical course | 41.8 | 35.2 | 48.2 |
University undergraduate level | 33.6 | 33.3 | 33.9 |
Above university undergraduate level | 3.6 | 5.6 | 1.8 |
Prenatal maternal smoking exposure, % yes | 39.6 | 37.0 | 42.3 |
Prenatal maternal alcohol exposure, % yes | 6.4 | 5.6 | 7.3 |
Maternal employment status, % | |||
Employed | 73.1 | 48.1 | 96.4 |
Unemployed | 26.9 | 51.9 | 3.6 |
Family characteristics | |||
Household income (S$), % | |||
⩽999 | 2.9 | 2.0 | 3.6 |
1000–1999 | 9.5 | 12.0 | 7.3 |
2000–3999 | 30.5 | 32.0 | 29.1 |
4000–5999 | 26.7 | 24.0 | 29.1 |
⩾6000 | 30.5 | 30.0 | 30.9 |
Caregiver | |||
Mother time spent (%), mean (s.d.) | 61.47 (32.56) | 90.40 (17.37) | 33.07 (12.89) |
Father time spent (%), mean (s.d.) | 29.62 (24.37) | 29.13 (27.50) | 30.10 (21.08) |
Maternal grandfather time spent (%), mean (s.d.) | 5.87 (20.82) | 3.28 (15.23) | 8.41 (25.02) |
Maternal grandmother time spent (%), mean (s.d.) | 13.17 (29.15) | 5.01 (17.45) | 21.18 (35.61) |
Paternal grandfather time spent (%), mean (s.d.) | 8.70 (23.18) | 8.07 (22.37) | 9.33 (24.13) |
Paternal grandmother time spent (%), mean (s.d.) | 16.27 (32.30) | 13.94 (31.34) | 18.57 (33.34) |
Domestic helper time spent (%), mean (s.d.) | 16.99 (32.30) | 15.03 (34.89) | 18.93 (36.41) |
Other caregiver time spent (%), mean (s.d.) | 14.59 (27.81) | 8.56 (20.86) | 20.50 (32.37) |
