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The Earth’s climate is regulated and stabilised by interconnected ecosystem processes. This Comment argues that following on from COP30, nature-based indicators should be integrated into formal climate policy processes—such as the Global Stocktake and Nationally Determined Contributions—to strengthen the coherence between climate governance and Earth System stability.
Adoption of the International Maritime Organisation’s Net Zero Framework was postponed by one year, to October 2026. This Comment argues that this time window must be used to address four outstanding challenges, and that success can turn the maritime sector into a model for achieving the Paris climate goals.
