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Antimicrobial proteins are an ancient mechanism of defence against pathogens at skin and mucosal surfaces. As discussed in this Progress article, new studies identify dynamic cross-regulation between cytokines and antimicrobial peptides, which contributes to immunity and homeostasis at these sites.
The TIM (T-cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain) proteins are emerging as important regulators of immune responses. The recent identification of TIM-protein expression by antigen-presenting cells and new TIM-protein ligands is revealing new roles for these proteins.
Recent research on MALT1 (mucosa-associated-lymphoid-tissue lymphoma-translocation gene 1), a protein essential for nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation, has uncovered new mechanisms by which MALT1 can orchestrate intracellular signalling events. Here, Margot Thome highlights recent progress which characterizes how the protease and scaffolding functions of MALT1 modulate T-cell activation.
