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Rapid temperature flips between hot and cold extremes will become more frequent, more intense, and more rapid globally by the end of the twenty-first century, which is exacerbated in world’s breadbasket regions and low-income countries.

Volatile organic compounds from plants in the order Piperales (such as Houttuynia cordata) activate the TRPA1 ion channels of herbivorous mammals like cattle and goats and trigger aversion reactions in these animals, suggesting a conserved defense strategy among Piperales plants.

This study showed that the type III effector NopL can interact with the Nod factor receptor GmNFR5, and the existence of NopL can promote GmREM1 interacts with GmNFR5, which demonstrates a signaling pathway underlying the symbiosis establishment in soybean.

Kersting’s groundnut is an underutilised crop that is locally important, tolerant to drought and critical to food security. Here, the authors report its genome assembly, population genetics analyses, and candidate genes for seed coat colour.

Inhibitors of the protein kinase Wee1 are promising drugs for cancer therapy. Here, the authors show that these drugs activate the integrated stress response via GCN2, synergising with mRNA translation defects. They suggest strategies such as PROTACs or ISR inhibitors to improve WEE1 mediated toxicity.

To achieve the climate target of the Paris Agreement substantial emission reductions will be required across economic sectors. Here the authors show that agriculture can make a significant contribution to non-CO₂ mitigation efforts through structural change in the livestock sector and the deployment of technical options.

The glucoregulatory functions of pancreatic islets are affected by their surrounding niche and spatial organization. Here, bioengineered stem-cell derived islet niches use bioprinting-based geometrical guidance to promote islet maturation for improved functionality and diabetes research.

Mesinovic et al. use AI foundation models to implement heart disease screening in people living with HIV in Vietnam, relying on low-cost wearable sensors. This approach achieves promising discriminative ability and requires only lightweight local training, potentially enabling affordable screening in resource-limited clinics.

The function of GenX, an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase paralog in Escherichia coli, is now probed by structural and functional analyses. The work shows that GenX mediates the lysylation of translation elongation factor EF-P, and this activity is essential for cell growth.

Though shape-changing devices are promising for future haptic displays, existing designs fail to provide smooth surfaces for the user during tactile exploration. Here, the authors utilize flexible auxetic structures to realize shape displays with smooth surfaces and different Gaussian curvatures.

Tuberculosis was once a major killer in Europe. Here the authors use metagenomics to obtain genomic sequences of Mycobacterium tuberculosisfrom human remains from eighteenth-century Hungary, revealing mixed infections within individuals as well as presence of the same strain in two individuals.

Knoblich and colleagues use a library of Drosophila strains expressing inducible hairpin RNA interference constructs to study the Notch signalling pathway during external sensory organ development. They assign putative loss-of-function phenotypes to 21.2% of the protein-coding Drosophila genes, identify 6 new genes involved in asymmetric cell division and 23 novel genes regulating the Notch signalling pathway.

A complementary analysis of DESI DR2 distance measurements along with supernova and CMB data shows consistent, moderate evidence that dark energy changes over time rather than behaving as a simple cosmological constant.

Taxonomic monographs have been considered too vast and daunting as a source for studying biodiversity, but this novel study of morning glories combines herbarium specimens with DNA barcodes and high-throughput sequencing to describe new species and discover hidden traits.

A large genome-wide association study of more than 5 million individuals reveals that 12,111 single-nucleotide polymorphisms account for nearly all the heritability of height attributable to common genetic variants.

Diverse macrophage subsets are found in adipose tissue where they regulate its physiology. Here, the authors used single-cell RNA sequencing to analyse the effect of post-prandial lipids on adipose tissue macrophages and identify Tim4 as a regulator of ABCA1⁺ macrophage function and post-prandial cholesterol transport.

This study uncovers the role of aromatic clusters in the receptor extracellular loop of sialic-acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins that recognize carbon nanotubes and suggests inhibiting Syk signalling as a therapeutic intervention against inflammation.

During the summer season, turbulent mixing in Lake Geneva is strongest in the interior water-column because stratification limits the reach of wind-driven mixing, suggest meteorological, hydrodynamic and turbulence measurements over a full year.

Population growth in the coming decades will lead to increasing land conversion to urban areas. Here, the authors use spatially explicit projections of global urban expansion to analyze its effects on habitat changes, and terrestrial mammals, birds and amphibians under the main shared socioeconomic pathways.

MC3R deficiency is associated with a delay in the onset of puberty, and a reduction in growth and lean mass.

Profiling pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-derived neural progeny is of fundamental interest for characterizing stem cell differentiation. Here, the authors analyse neural progenitors consecutively derived from human PSCs, showing dynamic stage-specific transcriptional patterns for distinct neural progenitors.

CRISPR/Cas9-mediated forward genetic screens and gene-trap mutagenesis screens in haploid cells are both powerful techniques to examine gene function. Here, the authors show the two approaches have high concordance and identify an uncharacterized gene, TXNDC11, which is involved in endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation.

ARF4 GTPase activity is needed for vesicular trafficking for multiple RNA viruses. Blocking ARF4 using specific peptides redirects viral progeny to lysosomal degradation and decreases influenza and Zika virus infection in mice.

Lipids shed by pathogenic mycobacteria have been shown to inhibit NPC1, a lysosomal membrane protein deficient in most cases of a rate inherited lysosomal storage disorder Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC). Here, authors utilise lipid extracts from clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains, and non-tubercular mycobacteria to investigate their ability to inhibit the NPC pathway.

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a key component of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, the authors identify that the membrane glycoprotein dysadherin upregulates matrix metalloprotease 9 (MMP9) to induce ECM remodeling and subsequent activation of cancer-associated fibroblasts in TME to promote CRC metastasis.

A genome-wide association study including over 76,000 individuals with schizophrenia and over 243,000 control individuals identifies common variant associations at 287 genomic loci, and further fine-mapping analyses highlight the importance of genes involved in synaptic processes.

Hybrid machine learning techniques can improve the representation of precipitation biases, reducing global error by up to 17% and over the tropics by up to 20%, according to results from a Multi-Output Gaussian Process coupled with a simplified Atmospheric General Circulation Model named SPEEDY.

In the phase 3 STAR trial, subretinal administration of the AAV2-based gene therapy timrepigene emparvovec in patients with choroideremia did not lead to a significant difference in the primary endpoint of 15-letter Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) improvement in visual acuity from baseline compared to untreated controls.

Very few genes are involved in simultaneous regulation of seedling vigor, cold tolerance and grain yield in rice. Here, the authors report OsbZIP01 and OsbZIP18 function cooperatively in determining seedling establishment, chilling tolerance, and grain yield in rice.

Designing quantum dot light emitting diodes with full-colour pixel arrays with sub-micron feature size remains a challenge. Here, the authors demonstrate red-green-blue quantum dots arrays with resolutions up to 368 pixels per degree by leveraging thermodynamic-driven immersion transfer-printing.

The replicative helicase CMG is targeted for removal or proteolysis by the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRAIP. This study describes how the de-ubiquitylating enzyme USP37 protects genome stability by preventing premature TRAIP-dependent CMG unloading when replication stress impedes timely termination.

Structural and biochemical characterization of arginine kinase McsB reveals how its phosphagen kinase–like catalytic domain is adapted to target protein substrates while its phosphoarginine-binding domain allosterically controls kinase activity.

Sox9 is an important transcription factor in the formation of cartilage chondrogenesis that occurs during skeletal development. Nakamuraet al.show that Sox9 interacts with Wwp2 and Med25 to form a complex and that loss of either protein in zebrafish results in altered palate chondrogenesis.

Arbovirus has co-evolved with its insect vector, enabling efficient and persistent transmission by vectors. Here, the authors reveal an immune homeostatic mechanism shaped by apoptosis and autophagy that facilitates arbovirus preservation within its whitefly vector.

Carbon sequestration on agricultural land holds great promise for combating climate change. This study estimates the mitigation potential of three sequestration practices—soil carbon enhancement, biochar application on cropland and silvo-pastoral systems—while identifying cost-effective mitigation portfolios.