No large randomized, placebo-controlled trials have investigated whether the metabolic syndrome affects hard renal outcomes. In this Review, Varun Agrawal and colleagues evaluate the evidence of an association between the metabolic syndrome and chronic kidney disease and examine whether treatment of the syndrome improves renal outcomes. The authors conclude their discussion detailing the challenges of defining the metabolic syndrome and of selecting appropriate renal outcomes.
- Varun Agrawal
- Aashish Shah
- Peter A. McCullough
