Eukaryotic cells must regulate not only their nuclear genomes but also the intimate functional interplay with organelle genomes, such as those in mitochondria and plastids. This Review discusses the functional and evolutionary implications of cellular genomes being partitioned between the nucleus and organelles, including the translocation of genes and gene products, chimeric enzyme complexes and insights into molecular co-evolution.
- Daniel B. Sloan
- Jessica M. Warren
- Justin C. Havird
