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Variant-to-gene-to-program is a new approach to building maps of genome function to link risk variants to disease genes and to convergent signalling pathways in an unbiased manner; its strength is demonstrated in coronary artery disease.

Electric contacts of semimetallic bismuth on monolayer semiconductors are shown to suppress metal-induced gap states and thus have very low contact resistance and a zero Schottky barrier height.

First published findings from NASA’s New Horizons mission lay out the dwarf planet’s wildly varying terrain.

New Horizons data portrays a geologically active world on the fringes of the Solar System.

Somatic mutations obtained from laser microdissected biopsies of human tissues are used to reconstruct the developmental phylogenies of these tissues back to the zygote.

Whole-genome sequencing and phenotype data sharing are introduced in a national health system to streamline diagnosis and to discover coding and non-coding variants that cause rare diseases.

Scientists, politicians and business leaders will discuss practicalities of a regional network.

Openshaw and colleagues find myeloid inflammation and complement activation signatures in patients with long COVID who were previously hospitalized.

The US COVID-19 Scenario Modeling Hub produced medium to long term projections based on different epidemic scenarios. In this study, the authors evaluate 14 rounds of projections by comparing them to the epidemic trajectories that occurred, and discuss lessons learned for future similar projects.

Long non coding RNA molecules have been implicated in the immunopathology of a range of inflammatory pathologies. Here the authors show lncRNA MAARS regulates apoptosis via interaction with HuR in the context of atherosclerosis.

Transancestral GWAS meta-analysis in 160,420 individuals identifies 139 loci associated with refractive error, including myopia. Newly identified genes implicate pathways involved in eye growth and light signaling cascades.

It is found that carbon export fluxes to the deep ocean from a highly productive, naturally iron-fertilized region of the sub-Antarctic Southern Ocean are two to three times larger than the carbon export fluxes from an adjacent high-nutrient low-chlorophyll area not fertilized by iron. These findings support the hypothesis that increased iron supply to the glacial sub-Antarctic may have directly enhanced carbon export to the deep ocean.

Whole-genome sequencing analysis of individuals with primary immunodeficiency identifies new candidate disease-associated genes and shows how the interplay between genetic variants can explain the variable penetrance and complexity of the disease.

The visual signals transmitted by the retina to the brain are affected by random drift in eye position, but the impact of this on visual capabilities is not clear. Here, the authors show that the decoding of images from evoked spike trains recorded in the macaque retina improves with fixational eye movements, even when the eye position is unknown.

In this Review, the authors discuss key clinical trials and therapeutic advances that have informed the current treatment landscape for cervical cancers of all stages, including refinement of surgical management approaches, the establishment of chemoradiotherapy, and the integration of anti-angiogenic agents, immune-checkpoint inhibitors and antibody–drug conjugates.

RNA sequencing data and tumour pathology observations of non-small-cell lung cancers indicate that the immune cell microenvironment exerts strong evolutionary selection pressures that shape the immune-evasion capacity of tumours.

Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is highly heritable, yet not well understood from a genetic perspective. Here, the authors perform a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies in 34,179 POAG cases, identifying 44 previously unreported risk loci and mapping effects across multiple ethnicities.

Understanding the effect of vaccination on emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern is of increasing importance. Here, James et al. report that two doses of vaccination with the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine induce more robust immune responses to the B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 SARS-CoV-2 lineages than does natural infection.

Gold-standard evidence for correlates of protection is provided by analysis of a randomized phase 3 trial of Ad26.COV2.S for protection against moderate to severe-critical COVID-19 disease.

The authors use scanning tunnelling microscopy and spectroscopy to visualize the electronic structure of mirror twin boundaries, revealing a Tomonaga–Luttinger liquid.

Molecular motors move in response to an imbalance between concentrations of fuel and waste molecules. Here, the authors simulate such non-equilibrium conditions to characterize a model motor’s performance and mechanism of operation.

The beta variant (B.1.351) is to date the most resistant to neutralization of the SARS-CoV-2 variants. Using nonhuman primates, Seder and colleagues demonstrate that double vaccination with a high dose of the lipid nanoparticle vaccine mRNA-1273 protects against infection with the beta variant.

The SARS-CoV-2 PANGO lineage C.1.2 has been under monitoring by global health authorities as it has spread worldwide. Here, Bhiman and colleagues characterise the emergence of the lineage, and its neutralisation sensitivity using data from vaccinees and previously infected individuals.

T cell responses to spike protein from the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) are broadly similar to the responses to ancestral, Beta (B.1.351) and Delta (B.1.617.2) spike protein in vaccinated, infected and unvaccinated individuals.

Multi-ancestry genome-wide analyses identify new risk loci for age-related macular degeneration. Ancestry-specific analyses identify distinct effects at major risk loci, including smaller effect sizes for CFH risk alleles in haplotypes of African ancestry.

Scanning tunnelling microscopy imaging of the correlated phases of magic-angle twisted trilayer graphene shows marked signatures of interaction-driven spatial symmetry breaking.

Chromodomain Helicase DNA-binding (CHD) proteins have been implicated in neurodevelopmental processes. Here, the authors identify missense variants in CHD3 that disturb its chromatin remodeling activities and cause a neurodevelopmental disorder with macrocephaly and speech and language impairment.

Iris Heid, Gonçalo Abecasis, Sudha Iyengar and colleagues report the results of a large genome-wide association meta-analysis of macular degeneration based on over 43,000 subjects. They identify 16 new risk loci, including some very rare coding variants.

Polygenic Priority Score (PoPS) prioritizes candidate effector genes at complex trait loci by integrating genome-wide association summary statistics with other data types. Combining PoPS with methods that leverage local genetic signals further improves the performance.

A. G. Eaton et al. directly probe the Fermi surface of the candidate triplet superconductor UTe2 by measuring magnetic quantum oscillations in ultra-pure crystals. By comparison with model calculations, the data are found to be consistent with a Fermi surface that consists of two cylindrical sections of electron and hole-type respectively.

Efficient, large-scale genomic analysis is facilitated on the cloud by a computational tool with error-diagnosing and self-healing capabilities.

A strategy for inferring phase for rare variant pairs is applied to exome sequencing data for 125,748 individuals from the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). This resource will aid interpretation of rare co-occurring variants in the context of recessive disease.

A genomic constraint map for the human genome constructed using data from 76,156 human genomes from the Genome Aggregation Database shows that non-coding constrained regions are enriched for regulatory elements and variants associated with complex diseases and traits.

A region on chromosome 19p13 is associated with the risk of developing ovarian and breast cancer. Here, the authors genotyped SNPs in this region in thousands of breast and ovarian cancer patients and identified SNPs associated with three genes, which were analysed with functional studies.

Oceanic nitrogen concentrations are controlled by the balance between nitrogen fixation and denitrification. Examination of nutrient concentrations in the North and South Atlantic Ocean suggests that nitrogen fixation is controlled by the supply of dissolved iron.

The engagement of immunological memory is a key component to the protective anti-SARS-CoV-2 B and T cell responses. Here the authors assess the B and T cells of a cohort of UK healthcare workers in response to infection and longitudinally track the compartment showing distinct trajectories following early priming.

High-resolution scanning tunnelling microscopy and spectroscopy are used to provide evidence for unconventional superconductivity in magic-angle twisted trilayer graphene.

Editorial Summary: fMRI, multi-omics, and cellular assays reveal that an intensive mind-body retreat intervention modulates brain network connectivity and plasma signaling pathways linked to neuroplasticity, metabolism, and neurotransmission in healthy adults.

Placing monolayer tungsten diselenide on Bernal-stacked bilayer graphene promotes enhanced superconductivity, indicating that proximity-induced spin–orbit coupling plays a key role in stabilizing the pairing, paving the way for engineering tunable, ultra-clean graphene-based superconductors.

Correlation-driven topological phases with different Chern numbers are observed in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene in modest magnetic fields, indicating that strong electronic interactions can lead to topologically non-trivial phases.

Developmental disorders (DDs) are more prevalent in males, thought to be due to X-linked genetic variation. Here, the authors investigate the burden of X-linked coding variants in 11,044 DD patients, showing that this contributes to ~6% of both male and female cases and therefore does not solely explain male bias in DDs.