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Ruiz and colleagues introduce AlphaTensor-Quantum, a deep reinforcement learning method for optimizing quantum circuits. It outperforms existing methods and is capable of finding the best human-designed solutions for relevant quantum computations in a fully automated way.

Watson et al., explored how Rett syndrome protein MeCP2 interacts on chromatin. They showed MeCP2 can unexpectedly interact with nucleosome-core buried DNA methylation, requiring cooperative binding of known and newly identified DNA binding regions.

Quantum dot spin qubits in Si can be controlled using micromagnet-based electric-dipole spin resonance, but experiments have been limited to small 1D arrays. Here the authors address qubit control in 2D Si arrays, demonstrating low-frequency control of qubits in a 2 x 2 array using hopping gates.

Magic state distillation is achieved with logical qubits on a neutral-atom quantum computer using a dynamically reconfigurable architecture for parallel quantum operations.

Checking the quality of operations of quantum computers in a reliable and scalable way is still an open challenge. Here, the authors show how to characterise multi-qubit operations in a way that scales favourably with the system’s size, and demonstrate it on a 10-qubit ion-trap device.

Typical quantum error correcting codes assign fixed roles to the underlying physical qubits. Now the performance benefits of alternative, dynamic error correction schemes have been demonstrated on a superconducting quantum processor.

Experimental measurements of high-order out-of-time-order correlators on a superconducting quantum processor show that these correlators remain highly sensitive to the quantum many-body dynamics in quantum computers at long timescales.

A materials platform using tantalum as a base layer and silicon as the substrate to construct superconducting qubits enables device performance improvements such as millisecond lifetimes and coherence times, as well as high time-averaged quality factors.

A scheme to prepare a magic state, an important ingredient for quantum computers, on a superconducting qubit array using error correction is proposed that produces better magic states than those that can be prepared using the individual qubits of the device.

Isotope engineering of silicon carbide leads to control of nuclear spins associated with single divacancy centres and extended electron spin coherence.

The presence of various noises in the qubit environment is a major limitation on qubit coherence time. Here, the authors demonstrate the use a closed-loop feedback to stabilize frequency noise in a flux-tunable superconducting qubit and suggest this as a scalable approach applicable to other types of noise.

The APOE-ε4 allele is the strongest genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease, but it is not deterministic. Here, the authors show that common genetic variation changes how APOE-ε4 influences cognition.

Traditionally, material topology is classified by approximating a system as infinite and using methods based on band theory, prohibiting the study of effects due to finite size. Here, the authors develop an approach rooted in a real-space classification framework to show how material topology can change as a finite system’s shape is altered.

An ultra-low-loss integrated photonic chip fabricated on a customized multilayer silicon nitride 300-mm wafer platform, coupled over fibre with high-efficiency photon number resolving detectors, is used to generate Gottesman–Kitaev–Preskill qubit states.

The estimation of low energies of many-body systems is a cornerstone of the computational quantum sciences. This paper demonstrates on a superconducting quantum processor that the Krylov quantum diagonalization algorithm is poised to complement its classical counterparts at the foundation of computational methods for quantum systems.

Topological metals with topological states that are degenerate with bulk states in both energy and wave vector represent an exciting frontier for topological materials. Here, the authors theoretically develop and experimentally realise robust boundary-localised states protected by a bulk topological invariant in a gapless acoustic crystal.

Two below-threshold surface code memories on superconducting processors markedly reduce logical error rates, achieving high efficiency and real-time decoding, indicating potential for practical large-scale fault-tolerant quantum algorithms.

This work addresses energy estimation of quantum many-body systems suitable for current and near-term hardware. It introduces ShadowGrouping, an efficient strategy combining shadow estimation and Pauli grouping, allowing efficient energy estimation.

This study shows that most known mediators of immunity, such as TLR2, MyD88, T cells or B cells, and neutrophils and monocytes, are dispensable for pain produced by Staphylococcus aureus infection; instead, bacterial products, such as N-formylated peptides and α-haemolysin, induce pain by directly activating nociceptor neurons, which in turn modulate inflammation.

Many recent experiments have stored quantum information in bosonic modes, such as photons in resonators or optical fibres. Now an adaptation of the classical spherical codes provides a framework for designing quantum error correcting codes for these platforms.

Quantum computing devices of increasing complexity are becoming more and more reliant on automatised tools for design, optimization and operation. In this Review, the authors discuss recent developments in “AI for quantum", from hardware design and control, to circuit compiling, quantum error correction and postprocessing, and discuss future potential of quantum accelerated supercomputing, where AI, HPC, and quantum technologies converge.

A proof-of-principle study reports a complete photonic quantum computer architecture that can, once appropriate component performance is achieved, deliver a universal and fault-tolerant quantum computer.

Neurons in the median preoptic nucleus that express the prostaglandin EP3 receptor produce prolonged hypothermic responses or hyperthermic responses, respectively, following brief activation or inhibition.

Quantum supremacy is demonstrated using a programmable superconducting processor known as Sycamore, taking approximately 200 seconds to sample one instance of a quantum circuit a million times, which would take a state-of-the-art supercomputer around ten thousand years to compute.

Dietary n-6 PUFAs enhance adipose tissue expandability through the PPARγ–LPCAT3 membrane remodelling axis.

Ossenkoppele, Coomans and colleagues analyzed the tau PET data of 12,048 individuals from 42 cohorts worldwide. They found that age, amyloid-β status, presence of an APOE ε4 allele and female sex are key contributors to tau PET positivity, which should aid clinical decision-making and trial designs.

Cortex morphology varies with age, cognitive function, and in neurological and psychiatric diseases. Here the authors report 160 genome-wide significant associations with thickness, surface area and volume of the total cortex and 34 cortical regions from a GWAS meta-analysis in 22,824 adults.

The authors summarize the data produced by phase III of the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) project, a resource for better understanding of the human and mouse genomes.

A quantum processer is realized using arrays of neutral atoms that are transported in a parallel manner by optical tweezers during computations, and used for quantum error correction and simulations.

The catalytic mechanism of [Fe]-hydrogenases is not well understood. Now a signal-enhanced nuclear magnetic resonance method based on parahydrogen is introduced to study [Fe]-hydrogenase under turnover conditions in situ, revealing intermediates of the catalytic cycle.

Parkin plays a role in mitophagy and has been shown to control adipose tissue browning and thermogenesis. Here the authors report that Parkin coordinates mitophagy with Pgc1α-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis in white adipocytes to regulate adiposity.

In Alzheimer’s disease (AD) tau and neurodegeneration have complex regional relationships. Here, the authors show neuronal hypometabolism discordant with tau burden defines functional resilience or susceptibility to Alzheimer’s pathology via limbic/cortical axes. Susceptible groups have faster cognitive decline and evidence of non-Alzheimer’s pathologies.

Genome-wide analysis identifies variants associated with the volume of seven different subcortical brain regions defined by magnetic resonance imaging. Implicated genes are involved in neurodevelopmental and synaptic signaling pathways.

Whether multimorbidity accelerates brain Aβ deposition in humans remains largely unknown. Here, the authors demonstrate that higher self-reported multimorbidity burden predicts increased brain Aβ accumulation rates in the ADNI cohort.

Rocks and dust from the asteroid Bennu contain some of the molecular building blocks of life on Earth, such as amino acids and nucleobases. They also carry ammonia that formed billions of years ago in cold, distant regions of our Solar System.

The cleavage of C–C bonds in hydrocarbons is traditionally entrusted to precious metal catalysts, whereas common non-reducible oxides are considered unreactive. Now, the authors report nanostructured silica-embedded zirconia nanoparticles that are competent for the hydrogenolysis of polyethylene with remarkable performance.

Alzheimer’s disease has been associated with increased structural brain aging. Here the authors describe a model that predicts brain aging from resting state functional connectivity data, and demonstrate this is accelerated in individuals with pre-clinical familial Alzheimer’s disease.

Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is an anti-inflammatory drug proposed as a treatment for COVID19. Here the results are reported from a randomised trial testing DMF treatment in 713 patients hospitalised with COVID-19. DMF was not associated with any improvement in day 5 outcomes.

In this study, the authors use selective silencing of specific subsets of afferent neurons and stimulation with pruritogens or algogens to show that histaminergic and non-histaminergic itch is mediated by functionally distinct sets of sensory fibers. These findings provide further evidence for the labeled line theory of sensory perception.

Vaccination is effective in protecting from COVID-19. Here the authors report immune responses and breakthrough infections in twice-vaccinated patients receiving anti-TNF treatments for inflammatory bowel disease, and find dampened vaccine responses that implicate the need of adapted vaccination schedules for these patients.