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Vibrio cholerae O1 outbreak strains are classified as Ogawa or Inaba serotypes, but the impact of serotype on pathogenicity is understudied. Here, the authors show that O1 antigen methylation in Ogawa strains promotes colonization and infectivity.

This study spatially maps MoS2 monolayer photoactivity, revealing static holes and mobile electrons with distinct redox zones. Bound excitons show higher efficiency, providing insights for designing advanced photocatalysts with improved performance.

A study of several longitudinal birth cohorts and cross-sectional cohorts finds only moderate overlap in genetic variants between autism that is diagnosed earlier and that diagnosed later, so they may represent aetiologically different conditions.

Recently, rich condensed matter physics has emerged from the interplay between band topology and magnetic order. Here, the authors characterize the magnetic Weyl semimetal CeAlGe and find evidence for the role of Weyl fermions in stabilizing the magnetic order above the local transition temperature.

The authors report a meta-analysis of methylome-wide association studies, identifying 15 significant CpG sites linked to major depression, revealing associations with inflammatory markers and suggesting potential causal relationships through Mendelian randomization analysis.

MRI data from more than 100 studies have been aggregated to yield new insights about brain development and ageing, and create an interactive open resource for comparison of brain structures throughout the human lifespan, including those associated with neurological and psychiatric disorders.

Determinants of Vibrio cholerae transmission are incompletely understood. Here, the authors use an infant mouse model to show that events in the intestine govern inter-animal transmission and that bacterial motility along with cholera toxin-driven diarrhea are critical for pathogen spread.

The mathematical conditions for the best thermoelectric is well known but never realised in real materials. Here, the authors propose the Anderson transition in a narrow impurity band as a physical realisation of this seemingly unrealisable scenario.

Shape distortion is a limitation for sintering-based manufacturing techniques, yet the fundamental causes are not fully understood. Here, the authors study and characterize such behavior and develop a continuum model to describe the effect and provide fundamental understanding to control distortion.

Thermal conductivity of Earth’s core affects Earth’s thermal structure, evolution and dynamics. Based on thermal conductivity measurements of iron–silicon alloys at high pressure and temperature conditions, the authors here propose Earth’s inner core could be older than previously expected.

A neural epigenetic signature detectable via plasma analyses is prognostic in patients with glioblastoma, resembling an oligodendrocyte-progenitor- and neuronal-progenitor-cell-like state and showing increased neuro-to-glioma synapse formation.

Reduced glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is a hallmark of chronic kidney disease. Here, Pattaro et al. conduct a meta-analysis to discover several new loci associated with variation in eGFR and find that genes associated with eGFR loci often encode proteins potentially related to kidney development.

Cortex morphology varies with age, cognitive function, and in neurological and psychiatric diseases. Here the authors report 160 genome-wide significant associations with thickness, surface area and volume of the total cortex and 34 cortical regions from a GWAS meta-analysis in 22,824 adults.

Study shows PTSD predisposition shares distinct genes and genomic regions with several cardiovascular conditions. Here the findings reveal neuronal, immune, and metabolic pathways, and repurposed drug targets that further the understanding of the comorbidity.

Multi-ancestry genome-wide analyses identify 95 loci associated with post-traumatic stress disorder and implicate candidate genes, pathways and neurobiological systems underlying its pathophysiology.

Marine and freshwater fisheries around the world have had stagnating stocks due to increased demands in food from a growing human population. Authors here assess how biodiversity levels of fisheries around the world can be leveraged to maximize nutrients provided with less biomass.

Analysing the distributions of >99% of the world’s seed plant flora, the authors find evidence supporting the evolutionary imbalance hypothesis, with species originating from large, biodiverse regions being more successful at naturalizing beyond their native ranges.

In a large, partially prospective cohort of patients with molecularly profiled and clinically annotated meningioma, the extent of surgical resection and radiotherapy (RT) response correlate with molecular classification, which can be used in a molecular model to predict clinical outcomes in response to RT.

The thermal conductivity of solid iron at the pressure and temperature conditions that prevail in the cores of planets is measured directly using a dynamically laser-heated diamond-anvil cell, yielding values that support findings from ancient magnetized rocks that suggest Earth’s magnetic field has persisted since the Earth’s earliest history.

The local X-ray-induced dynamics that occur in protein crystals during serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) measurements at XFELs are not well understood. Here the authors performed a time-resolved X-ray pump X-ray probe SFX experiment, and they observe distinct structural changes in the disulfide bridges and peptide backbone of proteins; complementing theoretical approaches allow them to further characterize the details of the X-ray induced ionization and local structural dynamics.

Combined analysis of new genomic data from 116 ancient hunter-gatherer individuals together with previously published data provides insights into the genetic structure and demographic shifts of west Eurasian forager populations over a period of 30,000 years.

Alien species of animals and plants can invade new regions of the earth. This study performs a global analysis of temporal dynamics and spatial patterns of alien species introductions over the past 200 years, and reports no saturation in the rate at which these invasion are increasing.

Massively parallel but cost-effective testing is essential to monitor the spread of pathogenic agents. Here the authors present SARSseq, which uses a dual indexing strategy in a multiplexed RT-PCR reaction to diagnose SARS-CoV-2 at scale.

Spatiotemporal thermoelectric microscopy enables the observation of electronic heat flow in graphene in diffusive and hydrodynamic regimes at room temperature, as well as a controlled transition from a Fermi liquid to Dirac fluid.

Dewald et al. combine a non-invasive sampling approach (Lolli-Test) with an RT qPCR-pool testing strategy to screen for SARS-CoV-2 infections in children and use the method for surveillance and infection control in > 4000 school and daycare settings.

Human brain structure changes throughout the lifespan. Brouwer et al. identified genetic variants that affect rates of brain growth and atrophy. The genes are linked to early brain development and neurodegeneration and suggest involvement of metabolic processes.

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a contributing factor in Parkinson’s disease. Here the authors carry out a multilayered omics analysis of Parkinson’s disease patient-derived neuronal cells, which reveals a reversible hypometabolism mediated by α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase deficiency, which is correlated with disease progression in the donating patients.

The selective hydrogenation of trace acetylene to ethylene is a well-established process for purifying fossil-derived ethylene streams. Here, the authors present a self-repairing Pd-C laterally condensed catalyst that improves selectivity, prevents sub-surface hydride formation, and achieves high ethylene productivity, effectively bridging the gap between powder catalysts and single-crystal model catalysts.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common mental health problem. Here, the authors report a GWAS from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium in which they identify two risk loci in European ancestry and one locus in African ancestry individuals and find that PTSD is genetically correlated with several other psychiatric traits.

Eosinophils are traditional immune effectors involved in tissue homeostasis. In this study, eosinophils emerge as key regulators of bone homeostasis by interacting with osteoclasts, inhibiting their differentiation and pathological bone loss.

Here, the authors describe the global distribution of crAssphage, its presence in Old-World and New-World primates, and its association with gut bacterial communities and dietary factors, providing insights into the origin, evolution and epidemiology of human gut crAssphage.

VCP/p97 is identified as a co-factor to the fusion oncoprotein ASPSCR1::TFE3. They co-localize on chromatin, co-dependent for enhancer looping and transcriptional regulation in alveolar soft part sarcomas and Xp11- rearranged renal cell carcinomas.

Single molecule investigations are often performed in fluidic environments, but molecular diffusion and limited photon counts can compromise studies of processes with fast or slow dynamics. The authors introduce a planar optofluidic antenna which enhances the fluorescence signal from molecules, applicable to a diverse range of studies.

Researchers have demonstrated the generation and control of subfemtosecond pulse pairs from a two-colour X-ray free-electron laser and conducted pump–probe experiments in core-ionized molecules.

Intestinal dysbiosis is associated with an ever-growing list of autoimmune diseases. Here the authors show that both mice and humans with autoimmune arthritis can have dysbiosis and barrier leakiness prior to major signs of inflammatory arthritis, and treatment of mice with a zonulin antagonist can limit collagen-induced arthritis.

Monoclonal antibodies isolated from patients with dengue virus infection also bind to the Zika virus E protein and neutralize both Zika and dengue virus infection; the structures of two of these antibodies in complex with the Zika virus envelope protein define the binding determinants of the epitope and identify the structural basis of antibody cross neutralization.

Machine learning models represent an opportunity for the automatic generation of histopathology reports. Here, the authors develop HistoGPT, a vision language model that can generate reports from multiple gigapixel-sized whole slide images and also predict tumour thickness, subtypes, and margins, among other diseases.

Activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) reduces the development of atherosclerosis in animal models. Here the authors show that BAT activation also increases reverse cholesterol transport and turnover of high-density lipoprotein, which likely contributes to the anti-atherosclerotic effect of BAT activation.

Weigert et al. show that an antagonistic relationship between DNA methyltransferase and Polycomb activity is globally responsible for the maintenance of intermediate methylation levels observed in trophoblast stem cells.

For several cancer types, mouse models indicate that metastasis occurs early. Here, the authors show that human melanoma cells disseminate early and illustrate a genetic colonisation signature that evolves in parallel at different sites.

Here the authors identify PHF3 SPOC domain as a reader of the phosphorylated RNA polymerase II (Pol II) C-terminal domain. They show that PHF3 clusters with Pol II complexes in cells, drives phase separation of Pol II in vitro, and regulates neuronal gene expression and neuronal differentiation.

We uncover key processes of the genomic evolution of small cell lung cancer under therapy, identify the common ancestor as the source of clonal diversity at relapse and show central genomic patterns associated with drug response.

Clinical and genetic phenotyping of consanguineous family cases of neonatal syndromic diabetes and type 2 diabetes, combined with in-depth functional studies in pluripotent stem cells, reveals a role for genetic variants of ONECUT1 in monogenic and multifactorial diabetes.

Salt intake is associated with hypertension, but the mechanisms by which salt affects blood pressure remain unclear. Agnes Machnik et al. now show that mononuclear cells such as macrophages respond to dietary salt intake by producing the growth factor VEGF-C, leading to expansion of the lymphatic capillary network. Interference with this response in rats fed a high-salt diet exacerbates the increase in blood pressure caused by a high-salt dietpages 487–488..

In this study the authors identify a possible link between the gene FAM222A and brain atrophy. The protein it encodes is found to accumulate in plaques seen in Alzheimer’s disease, and functional analysis suggests it interacts with amyloid-beta.

Macrophage-specific genetic ablation of the EMT inducer ZEB1 reveals its pivotal role in intracellular cytokine trafficking, boosting cytotoxic T cell abundance and immune responses, thereby reducing tumor growth and metastatic colonization in mice.

Chikungunya virus is endemic in Brazil and cases have been rapidly increasing in recent years. Here, the authors describe the expansion of a genomic surveillance program across the country allowing them to characterise the emergence and dispersal of two distinct subclades mainly seeded from the north eastern region.