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Native top-down proteomics reveals epidermal growth factor receptor–estrogen receptor-alpha (EGFR–ER) signaling crosstalk in breast cancer cells and dissociation of nuclear transport factor 2 (NUTF2) dimers to modulate ER signaling and cell growth.

Immunogenomic analyses of advanced high-grade serous ovarian cancer samples before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy show that the tumor–immune microenvironment is intrinsically heterogeneous and that chemotherapy induces local immune activation.

Online cognitive testing combined with the reach of a digital patient registry revealed a subtype of people with Multiple Sclerosis with significant cognitive impairment but no motor deficits. This hidden disability is often underestimated and left untreated.

A global network of researchers was formed to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity; this paper reports 13 genome-wide significant loci and potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection.

This study shows that photosynthesis in the Arctic Ocean can occur at lower light levels than previously thought. This finding is based on unique measurements made on microalgae underneath sea ice in the high Arctic at the end of the polar night.

Menstrual disturbance has been reported as a symptom of post-acute COVID-19 while other long COVID symptoms may vary across the menstrual cycle. Here, the authors investigate this possible bidirectional relationship in a series of observational studies of women in the UK.

Changes in AMPAR localization can control the strength of synaptic transmission. Here, the authors show that the interactions of TARP γ8 and the AMPAR N-terminal domain work together to regulate receptor accumulation and positioning at the post-synapse of mouse hippocampal CA1 neurons.

Deep clinical phenotyping at 28–60 days post-discharge of patients who had been hospitalized with COVID-19 and subsequent long-term follow-up with electronic health records reveal evidence of persistent cardio-renal involvement.

This study found higher RSV antibody levels were associated with lower RSV risk in children outside the hospital. An earlier rise in incidence and higher incidence rates were observed among children <5 years compared to older children and adults.

Satellite data and field observations show that global annual-scale vegetation indices are sensitive to the daily frequency and intensity of rainfall, independent of the total amount of rainfall per year.

Stable isotope analysis of zooarchaeological remains and pottery in a palaeo-environmental framework reveals that early Central European farmers utilized diverse regional pasturing strategies for cattle, including the use of forested environments for grazing and seasonal foddering.

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a major source of type I interferon (IFN-I). Dalod and colleagues show that IFN-I production and T cell activation were performed by the same pDC, but these occurred sequentially and in different micro-anatomical locations during virus infection.

Satellite data for the period 1982–2016 reveal changes in land use and land cover at global and regional scales that reflect patterns of land change indicative of a human-dominated Earth system.

Primary biliary cirrhosis is an autoimmune liver disease with poor therapeutic options. Here Cordell et al. a perform meta-analysis of European genome-wide association studies identifying six novel risk loci and a number of potential therapeutic pathways.

This study finds that decision markets can be a useful tool for selecting studies for replication. For a sample of 26 online experiments published in PNAS selected by a decision market, the authors find replication rates ranging between 54% and 62%.

Maes et al. use second-order conditioning, blocking and optogenetic inhibition to show that cue-evoked dopamine transients function as temporal-difference prediction errors rather than reward predictions.

The post-resolution phase of inflammation is not simply a linear path towards cessation of immune response but rather a regulated process involving fluctuating immune activity. Here authors show a pivotal role for post-resolution macrophages in driving a wave of T cell recruitment and activation via prostaglandin E2 and α-integrin signalling during the resolution phase of murine pneumococcal pneumonia.

The authors show that rare genetic variants contribute to large gene expression changes across diverse human tissues and provide an integrative method for interpretation of rare variants in individual genomes.

Openshaw and colleagues find myeloid inflammation and complement activation signatures in patients with long COVID who were previously hospitalized.

Examination of archaeological pottery residues and modern genes suggest that environmental conditions, subsistence economics and pathogen exposure may explain selection for lactase persistence better than prehistoric consumption of milk.

Geochemical modeling shows that just a several percent expansion of O₂-free areas with toxic sulfide build-up likely contributed to biodiversity loss or reorganization during the Toarcian mass extinction 183 million years ago.

Progressive diseases tend to be heterogeneous in their underlying aetiology mechanism, disease manifestation, and disease time course. Here, Young and colleagues devise a computational method to account for both phenotypic heterogeneity and temporal heterogeneity, and demonstrate it using two neurodegenerative disease cohorts.

An analysis of UK Biobank participants shows that the risk of developing different types of myeloid neoplasms can be inferred years before diagnosis. The authors integrate somatic gene mutations with blood test parameters into a predictive model, which could guide future strategies for early detection and prevention of these diseases.

Large-scale and abrupt forest decline occurred in Central Chile in response to acute drought. The extreme conditions, unprecedented in the recent history of all Mediterranean-type ecosystems, are akin to those projected for the second half of the century.

Fallowed agricultural lands in California’s Central Valley are linked to about 88% of major anthropogenic dust events, with expanding coverage affected by drought, between 2008 and 2022, according to analysis of land use/cover and dust observations.

Systematic characterization of longitudinal tau variability in human Alzheimer’s disease using an unbiased subtyping algorithm reveals four trajectories of tau deposition with distinct clinical features.

This overview of the ENCODE project outlines the data accumulated so far, revealing that 80% of the human genome now has at least one biochemical function assigned to it; the newly identified functional elements should aid the interpretation of results of genome-wide association studies, as many correspond to sites of association with human disease.

Dive and colleagues develop an approach for genome-wide cell-free DNA methylation profiling, which can sensitively detect small cell lung cancer in liquid biopsy of patient samples, including stage I disease and molecularly defined SCLC subtypes.

Fishing has had a profound impact on global reef shark populations, and the absence or presence of sharks is strongly correlated with national socio-economic conditions and reef governance.

Rainfall events are becoming less frequent but more intense with anthropogenic warming. This Review explores the consequences of these changes on plants and investigates how and why plant responses appear to broadly differ between dry and wet ecosystems.

Cold stimulation induces the synthesis and release of the lipid species 12,13-diHOME from brown adipose tissue. This ‘lipokine’ then acts on brown adipocytes to promote the uptake of fatty acids to fuel this cell type's heat production.

Soumya Raychaudhuri, Paul de Bakker and colleagues test the non-additive disease contributions of classical HLA alleles to five common autoimmune diseases. In four of the five diseases, they observe highly significant non-additive dominance and interaction effects.