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The ~200-Myr-old star TOI-2076 hosts a young four-planet system, the orbits and atmospheres of which are still evolving, showing signs of early dynamical reshaping and atmospheric sculpting and offering a rare glimpse of how planetary systems form and transform in their youth.

Myoepithelial carcinoma (MECA) is a rare aggressive salivary gland cancer. Here, the authors analyze the genomic landscape of MECA and identify a high prevalence of oncogenic gene fusions, primarily PLAG1 fusions, highlighting TGFBR3-PLAG1 as a potential hallmark of MECA.

A paper in Nature demonstrates that B cell-derived GABA promotes monocyte differentiation into anti-inflammatory macrophages able to limit anti-tumour T cell cytotoxicity.

Amphiregulin is produced by regulatory T cells to promote tissue repair and regeneration. Here the authors characterise the function of a heparan sulphate binding region in amphiregulin and show the function of this in signalling via lung mesenchymal cells to promote lung repair after influenza infection in mouse models.

Samples of different body regions from hundreds of human donors are used to study how genetic variation influences gene expression levels in 44 disease-relevant tissues.

In the final analysis of a phase 1 trial evaluating a lymph node-targeting mutant KRAS peptide vaccine combined with CpG in the adjuvant setting for patients with KRAS mutant pancreatic or colorectal cancer, median relapse-free survival and overall survival were not reached for patients with robust antigen-specific T cell responses, and these responses were durable with evidence of antigen spreading.

Lyden and colleagues find that immune developmental genes, such as apoptotic peptidase activating factor 1 (APAF1), support DNA packaging on the surface of tumor-derived extracellular vesicles that are taken up by resident liver macrophages, thereby suppressing metastasis.

The Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network report integrated genomic and molecular analyses of 164 squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas of the oesophagus; they find genomic and molecular features that differentiate squamous and adenocarcinomas of the oesophagus, and strong similarities between oesophageal adenocarcinomas and the chromosomally unstable variant of gastric adenocarcinoma, suggesting that gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma is a single disease entity.

In a phase 1 trial, a lymph node-targeting mutant KRAS peptide vaccine combined with CpG adjuvant is safe, reduces expression of tumor biomarkers and elicits mutant KRAS-specific T cells in patients with pancreatic cancer and colorectal cancer.

Chronic stress is a risk factor for mood disorders, yet the molecular and circuit mechanisms of stress-induced changes are not well understood. Here, the authors report the role of the transcription factor ΔFosB in driving activity changes in response to stress in glutamatergic neurons in the ventral hippocampus that project to nucleus accumben.

Lomakin et al. report that the competition for actin between two distinct F-actin networks determines whether epithelial cells remain stationary or migrate, with myosin II inhibiting the migratory polarized phenotype by confining actin in contractile bundles.

Galaxy clusters contain vast amount of dark matter and baryonic matter. Here the authors show the observational detection of the anti-correlation of gas mass and stellar mass observables in the most massive galaxy clusters, indicating such clusters retain close to the cosmic mix of baryons and dark matter.

Timothy Chan and colleagues find that somatic mutations in SERPINB3 or SERPINB4 are associated with longer survival in patients with melanoma who received anti-CTLA4 immunotherapy. These findings may have implications for precision medicine efforts in cancer.

TOI-500 hosts at least four planets, the innermost of which is an Earth-sized ultra-short-period body with a density similar to Earth. The architecture of the TOI-500 system can be explained by a slow, secular, low-eccentricity migration scenario.

Aifantis and colleagues use leukemic cell lines to identify modulators of CD19 expression that have the potential to improve therapeutic strategies.

In a post-hoc analysis of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) features from patients with metastatic prostate cancer treated with [¹⁷⁷Lu]Lu–PSMA-617 or cabazitaxel in the randomized phase 2 TheraP trial, low ctDNA levels at baseline were predictive of clinical benefit from [¹⁷⁷Lu]Lu–PSMA-617, and PTEN or ATM alterations were identified as potential biomarkers of response.

Samuel Singer and colleagues report an integrative genomic analysis of soft-tissue sarcomas. They survey sequence, copy number and mRNA expression in 207 individuals diagnosed with one of seven major high-grade sarcoma subtypes, and highlight subtype-specific alternations.

This study describes a class of small molecule compounds that promote ABCA1-dependent cholesterol efflux via a non-transcriptional mechanism, the identification of the molecular target by a chemical biology approach, and the potential of these agents for the treatment of chronic kidney diseases and potentially other diseases where lipid accumulation drives disease progression.

A high baseline of intratumoural macrophages and regulatory T cells is associated with better outcomes in patients with non-small cell lung cancer treated with atezolizumab plus tiragolumab, but not with atezolizumab alone.

The Impact of Genomic Variation on Function Consortium is combining single-cell mapping, genomic perturbations and predictive modelling to investigate relationships between human genomic variation, genome function and phenotypes and will provide an open resource to the community.

FlyWire presents a neuronal wiring diagram of the whole fly brain with annotations for cell types, classes, nerves, hemilineages and predicted neurotransmitters, with data products and an open ecosystem to facilitate exploration and browsing.

High-resolution observations of the third largest asteroid, (2) Pallas, from SPHERE unveil a heavily cratered surface, probably due to Pallas’s inclined and eccentric orbit, a density almost equal to carbonaceous chondrites and hint at surficial salt-enriched spots.

Results for the final phase of the 1000 Genomes Project are presented including whole-genome sequencing, targeted exome sequencing, and genotyping on high-density SNP arrays for 2,504 individuals across 26 populations, providing a global reference data set to support biomedical genetics.

2012 in BPH has been characterized by studies investigating treatment options for BPH-associated lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Onabotulinumtoxin A and saw palmetto have both been shown to be no more effective than placebo. However, in a positive move, tadalafil received FDA approval for LUTS treatment.

Detection of material preserved in a mineralized fracture likely indicate microbial remains and dubiofossils and suggests serpentinizing environments can preserve morphological evidence of rock-hosted microbial life, according to analyses of drill core samples from the Samail Ophiolite in Oman.