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Strongly enhanced optical nonlinearities and an ultrafast transition from coherent to incoherent polariton excitations are demonstrated by coupling an atomically thin WS₂ layer to a plasmonic nanostructure using ultrafast multidimensional spectroscopy.

Experimental realizations of discrete time crystals have mainly involved 1D models with Ising-like couplings. Here, the authors realize a 2D discrete time crystal with anisotropic Heisenberg coupling on a quantum simulator based on superconducting qubits, uncovering a rich phase diagram.

Here, the authors use ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy with a broadband white-light probe to simultaneously resolve interlayer charge transfer and interlayer exciton formation dynamics in a MoSe₂/WSe₂ heterostructure.

Two regions of superconductivity are observed in the phase diagram of Bernal-stacked bilayer graphene. Spin–orbit coupling induced by the substrate and orbital moments are shown to be important in describing their properties.

Introducing spin–orbit coupling by substrate proximity effect leads to an enhancement of superconducting phases in rhombohedral trilayer graphene.

Itinerant magnetism in rhombohedral multilayer graphene shows a large excess entropy from magnetic fluctuations above its critical temperature—typically only associated with local moments—which implies the decoupling of charge and isospin degrees of freedom, and results in the isospin Pomeranchuk effect.

Rhombohedral tetralayer graphene aligned to a hexagonal boron nitride substrate hosts gate-tunable superconductivity and quantized anomalous Hall states, and thermodynamic compressibility measurements further show a fractional Chern insulator at zero magnetic field, paving the way for new hybrid interfaces between superconductors and topological edge states.

As quantum information processing continues to develop apace, the need for integrated photonic devices becomes ever greater for both fundamental measurements and technological applications. To this end, Crespiet al.demonstrate a high-fidelity photonic controlled-NOT gate on a glass chip.

A miniaturized frequency up-converted electrically tunable single-mode photonic source in the 9.0–10.5 THz range is demonstrated.

Here, the authors investigate the optical response of bulk black phosphorus to mid-infrared pulses, and find that while above-gap excitation leads to a broadband light-induced transparency, sub-gap pulses drive an anomalous response, peaked at the single-layer exciton resonance.

Superconductivity is observed in rhombohedral trilayer graphene in the absence of a moiré superlattice, with two distinct superconducting states both occurring at a symmetry-breaking transition where the Fermi surface degeneracy changes.

Universal quantum logic operations with fidelity exceeding 99%, approaching the threshold of fault tolerance, are realized in a scalable silicon device comprising an electron and two phosphorus nuclei, and a fidelity of 92.5% is obtained for a three-qubit entangled state.

Quantum tunnelling of the magnetisation limits the performance of single-molecule magnets at low temperatures. Here, the authors combine ab initio and analytical methods to show that spin-phonon coupling subtly influences tunnelling via polaron formation.

A manufacturable platform for quantum computing with photons is introduced and a set of monolithically integrated silicon-photonics-based modules is benchmarked, demonstrating dual-rail photonic qubits with performance close to thresholds required for operation.

Scanning tunnelling microscopy is used to image pristine electrostatically defined quantum Hall edge states in graphene with high spatial resolution and demonstrate their interaction-driven restructuring.

Initialization and operation of spin qubits in silicon above 1 K reach fidelities sufficient for fault-tolerant operations at these temperatures.

A singlet-triplet spin qubit using holes in a Ge quantum well is demonstrated, and can be operated at low magnetic fields of a few millitesla.

Silicon-based spin qubits are promising candidates for a scalable quantum computer. Here the authors demonstrate the violation of Bell’s inequality in gate-defined quantum dots in silicon, marking a significant advancement that showcases the maturity of this platform.

High-performance all-electrical control is a prerequisite for scalable silicon quantum computing. The switchable interaction between spins and orbital motion of electrons in silicon quantum dots now enables the electrical control of a spin qubit with high fidelity and speed, without the need for integrating a micromagnet.

Instead of using capacitively coupled charge sensors, which imply additional complexity in the device architecture, radiofrequency reflectometry on the gate defining the quantum dot can read out the spin state of a double quantum dot in a single shot.

Bubble formation is a signal of false vacuum decay, in which a system transitions from a local energy minimum to a true vacuum. Now, simulations on a quantum annealer show how interactions between bubbles drive the long-time dynamics of this process.

The role of electron–electron interactions in generating superconductivity in few-layer graphene remains controversial. Now, the observation of interaction-driven intervalley coherence may help to explain the Cooper pairing mechanism.

A large nuclear spin has been successfully placed in a Schrödinger cat state, a superposition of its two most widely separated spin coherent states. This can be used as an error-correctable qubit.

The Stark effect can be used to address two qubits independently that are represented by semiconductor quantum dots, placed only a few nanometres apart.

Strongly driven light sources have become useful in many ways but are limited to classical emission. A quantum-optical theory now shows how non-classical states of light can be achieved from strongly-driven many-body systems, for example, non-coherent and correlated high-harmonic generation.

Chaos causes interacting particles to rapidly thermalize and lose memory of their past. Here, the authors show that, despite thermalization, genuine quantum scarring can imprint structure and long-lived memory effects in the many-body wavefunction.

For solid-state qubits, the material environment hosts sources of errors that vary in time and space. This systematic analysis of errors affecting high-fidelity two-qubit gates in silicon can inform the design of large-scale quantum computers.

In this study the authors consider the structural variants (SVs) present within cancer cases of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium. They report hundreds of genes, including known cancer-associated genes for which the nearby presence of a SV breakpoint is associated with altered expression.

Using DFT simulations and STM measurements, the Si/Ag(001) surface reconstruction is revealed to be a Si-Ag surface alloy. Its atomic structure is composed of quasi-1D double-pentagon chains of silicon, electronically isolated by surface Ag atoms.

It is hoped that quantum computers may be faster than classical ones at solving optimization problems. Here the authors implement a quantum optimization algorithm over 23 qubits but find more limited performance when an optimization problem structure does not match the underlying hardware.

Understanding deregulation of biological pathways in cancer can provide insight into disease etiology and potential therapies. Here, as part of the PanCancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) consortium, the authors present pathway and network analysis of 2583 whole cancer genomes from 27 tumour types.

Analysis of cancer genome sequencing data has enabled the discovery of driver mutations. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium the authors present DriverPower, a software package that identifies coding and non-coding driver mutations within cancer whole genomes via consideration of mutational burden and functional impact evidence.

Multi-omics datasets pose major challenges to data interpretation and hypothesis generation owing to their high-dimensional molecular profiles. Here, the authors develop ActivePathways method, which uses data fusion techniques for integrative pathway analysis of multi-omics data and candidate gene discovery.

An integrated circuit fabricated using industry-standard 40 nm complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor technology can combine silicon quantum devices, digital addressing and analogue multiplexed dispersive readout electronics.

Researchers observe Anderson localization for pairs of polarization-entangled photons in a discrete quantum walk affected by position-dependent disorder. By exploiting polarization entanglement of photons to simulate different quantum statistics, they experimentally investigate the interplay between the Anderson localization mechanism and the bosonic/fermionic symmetry of the wave function.

Gate tunable and ultrabroadband third-harmonic generation can be achieved in graphene, paving the way for electrically tunable broadband frequency converters for applications in optical communications and signal processing.

Donors spins in silicon are coherent, high-performance qubits, but scale-up has been challenging. Here the authors present the first experimental demonstration of exchange-based, entangling two qubit gates between electrons bound to ³¹P donors in Si.

The egg membrane protein Bouncer is an important mediator of gamete interaction and prevents cross-fertilisation between medaka and zebrafish. This study demonstrates unique functional and structural differences in Bouncer proteins of these and other distantly related fish species which may determine which species can hybridize.

Graphene-integrated photonics is a platform for wafer-scale manufacturing of modulators, detectors and switches for next-generation datacom and telecom systems. This Review describes how these functions can be achieved with graphene layers placed on top of optical waveguides, acting as passive light guides, thus simplifying the current technology. In addition, a roadmap of the technological requirements for the datacom and telecom markets is presented.

Future spintronic devices may exploit spin-orbit interactions, which often emerge from broken symmetries and strongly influence electronic behaviour. Here, the authors evidence the amplification of Rashba coupling by a crystal field that breaks the local inversion symmetry at the Ni site in BaNiS₂.

Mass spectrometry and structural studies demonstrate the specific changes in protein composition that accompany the transition of ribosomes in zebrafish and Xenopus eggs from a dormant to an active state during early embryogenesis.

Quantum Hall states are observed in monolayer graphene at even-denominator fractional filling of the lowest Landau level. This is linked to transitions in the spin and valley structure of the ground state.

The superconducting proximity effect has not been experimentally demonstrated in a quantum anomalous Hall insulator. Now this effect is observed in the chiral edge state of a ferromagnetic topological insulator.

The extra states sometimes observed in graphene’s quantum Hall characteristics have been presumed to be the result of broken SU(4) symmetry. Magnetotransport measurements of high-quality graphene in a tilted magnetic field finally prove this is indeed the case.

Semiconductor qubits are expected to have diverse future quantum applications. This Review discusses semiconductor qubit implementations from the perspective of an ecosystem of applications, such as quantum simulation, sensing, computation and communication.

This overview of the ENCODE project outlines the data accumulated so far, revealing that 80% of the human genome now has at least one biochemical function assigned to it; the newly identified functional elements should aid the interpretation of results of genome-wide association studies, as many correspond to sites of association with human disease.