There is a need for new molecular markers to aid histopathological assessment in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UUT-UC). p53 is the most extensively investigated marker in this disease; however, the data is inconclusive. In this Review, the authors critically discuss the studies investigating p53 expression in UUT-UC, and consider whether there is any potential clinical application of this biomarker.
- Stephen Mitchell
- Erik Mayer
- Anup Patel