Nature Search

A benchmark of expert-level academic questions to assess AI capabilities

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

Long Phan
Alice Gatti
Davide Scaramuzza
ResearchOpen Access28 Jan 2026
Nature

Volume: 649, P: 1139-1146
Designing nanomedicine to overcome therapeutic challenges in pregnancy

Illness during pregnancy presents a therapeutic dilemma: treatment must protect the mother without compromising fetal health. Yet, most drugs remain insufficiently studied in pregnancy. Understanding pregnancy stage-specific drug pharmacokinetics and placental drug transport can guide the design of nanomedicine to optimize treatments during pregnancy.

Tamar Gross Lev
Assaf Zinger
Comments & Opinion02 Dec 2025
Nature Reviews Bioengineering

Volume: 4, P: 6-8
Gtf2i-encoded transcription factor Tfii-i regulates myelination via Sox10 and Mbp regulatory elements

The transcriptional regulation of oligodendrocytes has an essential role in myelin formation and maintenance. Here, the authors identify the transcription factor Tfii-i as a regulator of myelin genes expression in the nervous system and show that its loss enhances myelin thickness and nerve conduction.

Gilad Levy
May Rokach
Boaz Barak
ResearchOpen Access26 Sept 2025
Nature Communications

Volume: 16, P: 1-24
An autonomous debating system

An artificial intelligence system that can engage in a competitive debate with humans is presented.

Noam Slonim
Yonatan Bilu
Ranit Aharonov
Research17 Mar 2021
Nature

Volume: 591, P: 379-384
Structures of the σ₂ receptor enable docking for bioactive ligand discovery

Crystal structures of the σ₂ receptor are determined and used to perform a docking screen of nearly 500 million molecules, identifying σ₂-selective ligands and providing insight into the role of σ₂ in neuropathic pain.

Assaf Alon
Jiankun Lyu
Andrew C. Kruse
Research08 Dec 2021
Nature

Volume: 600, P: 759-764
Human subcutaneous and visceral adipocyte atlases uncover classical and nonclassical adipocytes and depot-specific patterns

Single-nucleus RNA sequencing of human visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues is used to identify adipocyte subpopulations and explore their developmental trajectories and interactions.

Or Lazarescu
Maya Ziv-Agam
Esti Yeger-Lotem
ResearchOpen Access24 Jan 2025
Nature Genetics

Volume: 57, P: 413-426
Visual interpretability of image-based classification models by generative latent space disentanglement applied to in vitro fertilization

Identifying complex patterns through deep learning often comes at the cost of interpretability. Focusing on the interpretation of classification of in vitro fertilization embryos, the authors present DISCOVER, an approach that enables visual interpretability of image-based classification models.

Oded Rotem
Tamar Schwartz
Assaf Zaritsky
ResearchOpen Access27 Aug 2024
Nature Communications

Volume: 15, P: 1-19
Antagonistic nanobodies implicate mechanism of GSDMD pore formation and potential therapeutic application

Inflammasome assembly promotes the cleavage and oligomerisation of gasdermin D (GSDMD) and subsequent pore formation. Here the authors raise nanobodies to human gasdermin and characterize the pore formation process mediated by GSDMD and how antagonistic nanobodies prevent pyroptosis.

Lisa D. J. Schiffelers
Yonas M. Tesfamariam
Florian I. Schmidt
ResearchOpen Access26 Sept 2024
Nature Communications

Volume: 15, P: 1-18
Academic benchmark of highly influential ophthalmologists listed in the ophthalmology power list

Rachel Shemesh
Alon Tiosano
Gad Dotan
Research18 Jul 2022
Eye

Volume: 37, P: 1503-1508
Primary cemiplimab treatment for orbital squamous cell carcinoma is effective and may alleviate the need for orbital exenteration

Alon Tiosano
Meydan Ben-Ishai
Iftach Yassur
Research23 Jan 2023
Eye

Volume: 37, P: 2482-2487
Dormant spores sense amino acids through the B subunits of their germination receptors

Germination of Bacillus subtilis spores in response to L-alanine requires a putative membrane receptor consisting of three proteins. Here, Artzi et al. use evolutionary co-variation analysis and functional assays of mutants to provide evidence that one of the proteins, GerAB, likely acts as the L-alanine sensor.

Lior Artzi
Assaf Alon
David Z. Rudner
ResearchOpen Access25 Nov 2021
Nature Communications

Volume: 12, P: 1-8
Vismodegib improves quality of life in patients with periocular locally advanced basal cell carcinoma: subgroup analysis, STEVIE trial

Assaf Gershoni
Alon Tiosano
Iftach Yassur
Research10 Mar 2021
Eye

Volume: 36, P: 407-413
Hyperbaric oxygen treatment for non-arteritic central retinal artery occlusion retrospective comparative analysis from two tertiary medical centres

Assaf Rozenberg
Aviel Hadad
Adi Einan-Lifshitz
Research17 Jun 2021
Eye

Volume: 36, P: 1261-1265
Single-cell ChIP-seq reveals cell subpopulations defined by chromatin state

Chromatin state is analyzed for the first time in single cells, revealing new cell subpopulations.

Assaf Rotem
Oren Ram
Bradley E Bernstein
Research12 Oct 2015
Nature Biotechnology

Volume: 33, P: 1165-1172
The proteasome regulator PSME4 modulates proteasome activity and antigen diversity to abrogate antitumor immunity in NSCLC

Merbl and colleagues demonstrate that high expression of the proteasome regulator PSME4 is associated with immune-cold lung tumors and reduced antitumor immune responses, by functioning to modulate the protein degradome and antigen diversity.

Aaron Javitt
Merav D. Shmueli
Yifat Merbl
Research22 May 2023
Nature Cancer

Volume: 4, P: 629-647
The Birth of a Relativistic Jet Following the Disruption of a Star by a Cosmological Black Hole

By modelling the radio, optical, UV and X-ray data of the unusually bright cosmological explosion AT 2022cmc, Pasham et al. argue for the presence of a highly collimated jet moving at ≳99.99% the speed of light.

Dheeraj R. Pasham
Matteo Lucchini
Sheng Yang
Research30 Nov 2022
Nature Astronomy

Volume: 7, P: 88-104
Theranostic barcoded nanoparticles for personalized cancer medicine

Determining the most effective treatment for each cancer patient is a key challenge in cancer therapy. In this article, the authors show, in a mouse model of breast cancer, that DNA barcoded nanoparticles can be used for pre-screening the efficacy of anticancer drugs.

Zvi Yaari
Dana da Silva
Avi Schroeder
ResearchOpen Access10 Nov 2016
Nature Communications

Volume: 7, P: 1-10
Engineered hybrid cardiac patches with multifunctional electronics for online monitoring and regulation of tissue function

Integrating multifunctional electronics with engineered cardiac patches enables the recording of cellular electrical activities, and on-demand provision of electrical stimulation and release of drugs.

Ron Feiner
Leeya Engel
Tal Dvir
Research14 Mar 2016
Nature Materials

Volume: 15, P: 679-685
An integrated encyclopedia of DNA elements in the human genome

This overview of the ENCODE project outlines the data accumulated so far, revealing that 80% of the human genome now has at least one biochemical function assigned to it; the newly identified functional elements should aid the interpretation of results of genome-wide association studies, as many correspond to sites of association with human disease.

Ian Dunham
Anshul Kundaje
Ewan Birney
ResearchOpen Access05 Sept 2012
Nature

Volume: 489, P: 57-74
Hypothalamic CRFR1 is essential for HPA axis regulation following chronic stress

Dysfunction of the neuroendocrine HPA axis is associated with a variety of physiological and psychological pathologies. The authors show that corticotropin-releasing factor type 1 receptors within the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus are a key central component of HPA axis regulation that prepares the organism for chronic exposure to stressful stimuli.

Assaf Ramot
Zhiying Jiang
Alon Chen
Research30 Jan 2017
Nature Neuroscience

Volume: 20, P: 385-388
Speak up! But how?

To address inappropriate behaviour in the scientific community and nurture a culture of accountability, individuals must be empowered to speak up. Guidance on preventing and handling inappropriate behaviour at conferences, using case studies and checklists, to build a community that thrives on respect and inclusivity is presented.

Assaf Zinger
Comments & Opinion27 Sept 2023
Nature Reviews Bioengineering

Volume: 1, P: 684-686
Improved molecular replacement by density- and energy-guided protein structure optimization

Frank DiMaio
Thomas C. Terwilliger
David Baker
Research01 May 2011
Nature

Volume: 473, P: 540-543
The dynamic disulphide relay of quiescin sulphydryl oxidase

The X-ray crystal structures of trypanosome and mammalian quiescin sulphydryl oxidase are determined; these structures and follow-up biochemical studies show that large conformational changes occur as the enzyme relays disulphide bonds through its redox-active sites.

Assaf Alon
Iris Grossman
Deborah Fass
Research15 Jul 2012
Nature

Volume: 488, P: 414-418
Inferior olive CRF plays a role in motor performance under challenging conditions

Gili Ezra-Nevo
Naama Volk
Alon Chen
ResearchOpen Access25 May 2018
Translational Psychiatry

Volume: 8, P: 1-12
Wireless control of cellular function by activation of a novel protein responsive to electromagnetic fields

Vijai Krishnan
Sarah A. Park
Galit Pelled
ResearchOpen Access08 Jun 2018
Scientific Reports

Volume: 8, P: 1-12

Search

A benchmark of expert-level academic questions to assess AI capabilities

Designing nanomedicine to overcome therapeutic challenges in pregnancy

Gtf2i-encoded transcription factor Tfii-i regulates myelination via Sox10 and Mbp regulatory elements

An autonomous debating system

Structures of the σ₂ receptor enable docking for bioactive ligand discovery

Human subcutaneous and visceral adipocyte atlases uncover classical and nonclassical adipocytes and depot-specific patterns

Visual interpretability of image-based classification models by generative latent space disentanglement applied to in vitro fertilization

Antagonistic nanobodies implicate mechanism of GSDMD pore formation and potential therapeutic application

Academic benchmark of highly influential ophthalmologists listed in the ophthalmology power list

Primary cemiplimab treatment for orbital squamous cell carcinoma is effective and may alleviate the need for orbital exenteration

Dormant spores sense amino acids through the B subunits of their germination receptors

Vismodegib improves quality of life in patients with periocular locally advanced basal cell carcinoma: subgroup analysis, STEVIE trial

Hyperbaric oxygen treatment for non-arteritic central retinal artery occlusion retrospective comparative analysis from two tertiary medical centres

Single-cell ChIP-seq reveals cell subpopulations defined by chromatin state

The proteasome regulator PSME4 modulates proteasome activity and antigen diversity to abrogate antitumor immunity in NSCLC

The Birth of a Relativistic Jet Following the Disruption of a Star by a Cosmological Black Hole

Theranostic barcoded nanoparticles for personalized cancer medicine

Engineered hybrid cardiac patches with multifunctional electronics for online monitoring and regulation of tissue function

An integrated encyclopedia of DNA elements in the human genome

Hypothalamic CRFR1 is essential for HPA axis regulation following chronic stress

Speak up! But how?

Improved molecular replacement by density- and energy-guided protein structure optimization

The dynamic disulphide relay of quiescin sulphydryl oxidase

Inferior olive CRF plays a role in motor performance under challenging conditions

Wireless control of cellular function by activation of a novel protein responsive to electromagnetic fields

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