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Laser spectroscopy measurements of the fermium isotopic chain show a smooth trend in the nuclear size of heavy actinide elements, and diminishing shell effects on the size evolution compared with lighter nuclei.

Cytonemes are cellular projections known to transfer Wnt ligands between cells, but their regulation remains unclear. Here, the authors show that activation of the planar cell polarity protein Vangl2 generates long and branched cytonemes increasing paracrine Wnt/β-catenin signaling.

During the formation of the zebrafish dorsal longitudinal anastomotic vessel, blood vessels connect in a process called anastomosis. Using live imaging, the authors here show that endothelial cell movements during blood vessel anastomosis are associated with oscillating lamellipodia-like structures, oriented in the direction of the movements and emerging at endothelial cell junctions.

Swarm Learning is a decentralized machine learning approach that outperforms classifiers developed at individual sites for COVID-19 and other diseases while preserving confidentiality and privacy.

Forced expression of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 6 in antigen-specific T cells enhanced the recognition and lysis of pancreatic cancer cells and the efficacy of adoptive cell therapy for pancreatic cancer.

Single-cell transcriptional profiling of primary human synovial sarcoma tumors suggests that combinatorial treatment with HDAC and CDK4/CDK6 inhibitors could enhance tumor immunogenicity.

The activity of molecular motors drives the self-organization of cytoskeleton structures, leading to large-scale active flows. Now, experiments and simulations show how a gelation process enables such long-range transport in spindles.

Drug combinations consisting of two cell death-targeting drugs are enriched for antagonism and ‘single-agent dominance’, where the faster-acting drug suppresses the slower-acting drug due to inhibitory crosstalk between cell death pathways.

Ca²⁺ is an intracellular messenger that has a critical role in zebrafish development. Here Prudent et al. show that during gastrulation, the newly identified Bcl-2 homologue, Bcl-wav and the mitochondrial calcium uniporter regulate cell migration by controlling mitochondrial Ca²⁺storage.

Leukaemic stem cells drive acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) progression and relapse but they are incompletely characterized. Here, the authors combine single-cell transcriptomics and clonal tracking using nuclear and mitochondrial somatic variants to distinguish healthy, pre-leukaemic and leukaemic stem cells in AML.

Using a microfluidic single-cell aging platform, the authors report how single-cell lifespan varies across more than 300 yeast strains, each missing a single gene. Their top hit, Sis2, was found to regulate yeast lifespan in a dose-dependent fashion.

A mutation in RAS oncogene family-like 3 (RABL3) is discovered in a family with multiple cases of pancreatic cancer. Zebrafish modeling and biochemical approaches suggest that truncated RABL3 elevates KRAS activity via accelerated prenylation.

The hippocampus in mammalian brain varies in size across individuals. Here, Hibar and colleagues perform a genome-wide association meta-analysis to find six genetic loci with significant association to hippocampus volume.

Genome-wide analyses identify multiple loci associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and left ventricular (LV) traits. Cardiomyopathies exhibit strong genetic correlations with LV traits, with opposing effects in HCM and DCM.

The precise cell dynamics of early development have not yet been visualized. Here, the authors use custom 4-lens light sheet microscopy to image and analyze the dynamics of all three fluorescently labeled germlayers, yielding a comprehensive, pan-embryo description of early zebrafish gastrulation.

Patricia Munroe, Christopher Newton-Cheh, Andrew Morris and colleagues perform association studies in over 340,000 individuals of European ancestry and identify 66 loci, of which 17 are novel, involved in blood pressure regulation. The risk SNPs are enriched for cis-regulatory elements, particularly in vascular endothelial cells.

Pursuit or evasion requires world-centric and agent-centric representation to coordinate navigation and motor control. The dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, which communicates bi-directionally with both the hippocampal complex and premotor areas serve a mapping role in this process.

Here, the authors use ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy with a broadband white-light probe to simultaneously resolve interlayer charge transfer and interlayer exciton formation dynamics in a MoSe₂/WSe₂ heterostructure.

The investigation of a range of n- and p-doped small-molecule organic semiconductors reveals the role of the integer charge transfer complexes formed by host and dopant ions on conductivity and its thermal activation energy.

Water thermodynamics drive changes in macromolecular assembly that rapidly restore intracellular water availability in response to physiological fluctuations in temperature, pressure and osmotic strength.

Communication networks and power grids may be subject to cascading failures which can lead to outages. Here the authors propose to investigate cascades using dynamical transients of electrical power grids, thereby identifying possible vulnerabilities that might remain undetected with any static approach.

Quantum coherence effects are often only visible at low temperatures, where dephasing times are not too short. Here Kolarczik et al. show that quantum coherence effects can appear in the reshaping of ultrafast laser pulses passing through quantum dots even at room temperature.

A combination of statistical analysis, quantum mechanics calculations and biophysical analytical approaches shows that methionine oxidation increases its interactions with aromatic side chains, interactions that are important for intraprotein and interprotein interactions.

The ATLAS Collaboration reports the observation of the electroweak production of two jets and a Z-boson pair. This process is related to vector-boson scattering and allows the nature of electroweak symmetry breaking to be probed.

Here, the authors demonstrate that single cell RNA sequencing technology can be leveraged to characterize RNA content of individual membrane-free condensates formed by liquid-liquid phase separation processes such as coacervation.

Genome-wide analysis identifies variants associated with the volume of seven different subcortical brain regions defined by magnetic resonance imaging. Implicated genes are involved in neurodevelopmental and synaptic signaling pathways.

In a GWAS study of 32,438 adults, the authors discovered five novel loci for intracranial volume and confirmed two known signals. Variants for intracranial volume were also related to childhood and adult cognitive function and to Parkinson's disease, and enriched near genes involved in growth pathways, including PI3K-AKT signaling.

The ATLAS Collaboration reports a measurement of the ratio of the decay rates of W bosons to τ leptons and muons, in agreement with universal lepton couplings as postulated in the standard model of particle physics.

As Nature Chemical Biology approaches its third decade we asked a collection of chemical biologists, “What do you think are the most exciting frontiers or the most needed developments in your main field of research?” — here is what they said.

The ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider reports a search for charged-lepton-flavour violation in decays of Z bosons into a τ lepton and an electron or muon of opposite charge.

The atmospheric terminator region of WASP-39 b, a hot gas giant exoplanet, is inhomogeneous, despite past assumptions, with the evening terminator being hotter and thus probably clearer, and the morning terminator probably being cloudy and consequently cooler.

Similarity network fusion (SNF) is an approach to integrate multiple data types on the basis of similarity between biological samples rather than individual measurements. The authors demonstrate SNF by constructing patient networks to identify disease subtypes with differential survival profiles.

The synchronisation of optical cavities in the quantum regime is still relatively unexplored. Here, Kreinberg et al. investigate the coupling behaviour of two quantum dot microlasers and find that spontaneous emission noise from cavity QED effects plays an important role.

Exome sequencing of a worldwide panel of 487 wheat genotypes, including landraces, cultivars and modern varieties, sheds light on wheat genomic diversity and the evolution of modern bread wheat.

In a study involving more than 100,000 individuals in the UK Biobank, a neural network model trained on metabolomic data can predict disease risk for over 20 conditions and adds predictive information over clinical variables for eight common diseases.

River beds often exhibit armouring, in which formation of a coarse surface layer shields the finer underlying grains from erosion. Here, using experiments in a laboratory river and discrete and continuum models, the authors demonstrate that river-bed armouring is driven by vertical granular segregation.

New classes of antibiotic with activity against Gram-negative bacteria that are resistant to existing drugs are urgently needed, but have been very challenging to identify. This Review describes promising but as-yet-unrealized targets for antibacterial drugs against Gram-negative bacteria and highlights lessons learned from past drug discovery programmes.

Although plant functional trait combinations reflect ecological trade-offs at the species level, little is known about how this translates to whole communities. Here, the authors show that global trait composition is captured by two main dimensions that are only weakly related to macro-environmental drivers.

Content-aware image restoration (CARE) uses deep learning to improve microscopy images. CARE bypasses the trade-offs between imaging speed, resolution, and maximal light exposure that limit fluorescence imaging to enable discovery.

Whereas the toxic effects of ethanol are well-documented, the underlying mechanism is obscure. This study uses the eukaryotic model S. cerevisiae to reveal how exposure to sublethal ethanol concentrations causes DNA replication stress and an increased mutation rate.

Quantum electrodynamics predicts a rare process in which light is scattered by light. The ATLAS Collaboration reports signs of this elusive effect in the collisions of ultra-relativistic lead ions.

Ten years after the discovery of the Higgs boson, the ATLAS  experiment at CERN probes its kinematic properties with a significantly larger dataset from 2015–2018 and provides further insights on its interaction with other known particles.

The expression of each of the roughly 22,000 genes of the mouse genome has been mapped, at cellular resolution, across all major structures of the mouse brain, revealing that 80% of all genes appear to be expressed in the brain.

Unravelling the link between somatic mutation and prognosis in estrogen positive (ER+) breast cancer requires the use of long-term follow-up data. Here, combining archival formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue and targeted sequencing in three cohorts of ER+ breast cancer, the authors find associations with clinical outcome for NF1 frame-shift nonsense mutations, PIK3R1 mutation, and DDR1 mutations.