Granular materials exhibit complex behaviors in various flow regimes, with fluid-driven dynamics leading to phenomena like erosion and pattern formation. Here, the authors experimentally investigate flow regimes in a submerged quasi-two-dimensional fluid-driven silo, demonstrating wormhole-like instabilities and providing insights into how gravitational and viscous effects dictate the observed instabilities.
- Miles L. Morgan
- David W. James
- Bjørnar Sandnes