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Here they show that heterodimerization of the receptor tyrosine kinases PDGFRa and PDGFRb negatively affects downstream ERK1/2 signaling and cellular proliferation, due in part to rapid internalization mediated by binding to the unconventional myosin protein MYO1D.

Avian influenza viruses can mutate and become infectious to humans, sometimes causing high mortality. Here, Fan et al.identify three mutations in viral protein PB2 that affect virulence in mammalian hosts.

The helicity of light from a light-emitting diode can be electrically controlled by spin–orbit torque effects, enabling a seamless integration of magnetization dynamics with photonics.

Here the authors identify TNIP1 as a risk factor for a fatal neurodegenerative disorder and discover specific genetic loci associated with the three main subtypes of this disorder. The findings highlight distinct disease mechanisms, emphasizing the roles of immunity and the notch signaling pathway.

Current holographic approaches for neuronal stimulation have limitations in their temporal resolution and the number of targeted neurons. Here, the authors demonstrate an approach for ultra-fast holographic light targeting which, combined with optogenetics, enables sub-millisecond control of sequential neuronal activation and high throughput simultaneous multicell illumination.

Analysis of a large dataset of scanning transmission X-ray microscopy images of carbon-coated lithium iron phosphate nanoparticles shows that the heterogeneous reaction kinetics of battery materials can be learned from such videos pixel by pixel.

Computing platforms based on chemical processes can be an alternative to digital computers in some scenarios but have limited programmability. Here the authors demonstrate a hybrid computing platform combining digital electronics and an oscillatory chemical reaction and demonstrate its computational capabilities.

An adaptive deep brain stimulation algorithm delivers targeted stimulation increases during movement using brain motor signals.

Cytosolic Ca²⁺ is known to control the gain and sensitivity of signaling in the olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) through several molecular mechanisms. Here the authors find that mitochondrial Ca²⁺ mobilization is another critical component of OSN neuronal function, ensuring a broad dynamic response range and maintaining the sensitivity of the spike generation machinery.

Differently sized tissues follow growth patterns that are defined by morphogen gradients, but how the patterns adapt to different tissue size is unclear. Here the authors describe a computational model that can explain morphogen gradient scaling in the Drosophilawing imaginal disc and that may apply to other systems.

The detection of spin–orbit torques in a non-centrosymmetric magnetic Heusler alloy at room temperature could guide the search for materials whose magnetism can efficiently be manipulated using electrical currents.

Nonlinear optical computations have been essential yet challenging for developing optical neural networks with appreciable expressivity. In this paper, light scattering is combined with optical nonlinearity to empower a high-performance, large-scale nonlinear photonic neural system.

The proton shuttle plays a critical role in the proton transfer process during lithium-mediated ammonia synthesis. Here, the authors establish the structure-activity relationship and design principles for effective proton shuttles.

An optical version of a brain-inspired neurosynaptic system, using wavelength division multiplexing techniques, is presented that is capable of supervised and unsupervised learning.

The quantum error-correcting codes formed by tensor network models of holography have so far failed to produce the expected correlation functions in the boundary states. Here, the authors fill this gap by modifying a previously proposed model of hyperinvariant tensor networks.

Unconventional computing architectures might outperform current ones, but their realization has been limited to solving simple specific problems. Here, a network of interconnected Belousov-Zhabotinski reactions, operated by independent magnetic stirrers, performs encoding/decoding operations and data storage.

The role of bacteria in the origin of iron formations (IF) remains unclear because no direct evidence for their involvement exists. This study shows that spherical siderite in deep-water IF represents a biosignature for photoferrotrophy, whereas massive siderite reflects high cyanobacterial biomass in shallow-water.

Here, Thorsen et al. bridge new and previous results from the COPSAC₂₀₀₀ prospective birth cohort and the later COPSAC₂₀₁₀ cohort, by constructing a combined bacterial pathogen score with implications for the early-life airway microbiota and the risk of asthma later in childhood

The authors demonstrate in a mouse model that Western-style diets synergize with antibiotics to impair microbiota function. In turn, Klebsiella oxytoca promotes post-antibiotic microbiota recovery and removal of the pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae.

A photonic computing platform using chaotic light for probabilistic arithmetic enables ultrafast, parallel processing. The system predicts classification and uncertainty simultaneously. The optical architecture allows efficient distribution evaluations at each output in a single time step.

C9orf72 ALS/FTD polyGR and polyPR knock-in mice show cortical hyperexcitability and motor neuron loss accompanied by an increase in extracellular matrix proteins in the spinal cord that is conserved in patient iPS cell-derived neurons and is neuroprotective.

Microwave-based quantum key distribution would allow a secure exchange of information in superconducting local area networks and, potentially beyond, in open-air conditions. Here, the authors provide a proof-of-principle implementation within a cryogenic environment, based on propagating displaced squeezed microwave states.

A combination of gentle stimulated emission depletion microscopy imaging and deep-learning-based improvements in signal-to-noise ratio enables high-resolution reconstruction of neuronal architecture in living tissue.

The Hayabusa2 spacecraft found dark boulders with very high porosity (>70%, as high as cometary nuclei) at the bottom of small craters on Ryugu. Such boulders are probably the most pristine parts of the planetesimals that formed Ryugu’s parent body and might have been captured by Hayabusa2 sampling.

As the energy consumption of neural networks continues to grow, different approaches to deep learning are needed. A neuromorphic method offering nonlinear computation based on linear wave scattering can be implemented using integrated photonics.

A large-scale CRISPR-mediated deep mutational scanning approach is used to interrogate the function of mutations in the endogenous locus of TP53 mapping to the DNA-binding domain.

Arrays of silicon nanoneedles are used to generate molecular replicas of live brain tissue for longitudinal spatial lipidomic classification via desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging of gliomas and to monitor the responses of the tumours to chemotherapy.

This study provides a framework for mass spectrometry imaging experiments across biological replicates through machine learning-assisted processing of spatial lipidomics data from mouse lungs following allergen and ozone exposure.

Raman spectroscopy has become an invaluable tool for graphene characterisation, yet the nature of the broadening of the Raman 2D line remains unclear. Here, Stampferet al. show that the Raman 2D line width is a measure of nanometre-scale strain variations in graphene on insulating substrates.

Current physical neuromorphic computing faces critical challenges of how to reconfigure key physical dynamics of a system to adapt computational performance to match a diverse range of tasks. Here the authors present a task-adaptive approach to physical neuromorphic computing based on on-demand control of computing performance using various magnetic phases of chiral magnets.

The presence of a pulmonary system in fossil coelacanths has only recently been identified, with little known about homologues in living species. Here, Cupello et al. confirm the presence of a lung in the extant species Latimeria chalumnaeand report its growth during different stages of development.

The impact flux in the inner Solar System just after its formation is studied by looking at the highly siderophile element abundance of Vesta. Results show that leftover planetesimals from the terrestrial planet region have been the major impactor source, indicative of a skewed mass distribution in the primordial inner Solar System.

GABAergic transmission regulates the K⁺-Cl⁻ co-transporter KCC2. Here the authors demonstrate that inhibitory transmission, via GABA_A receptor and WNK signaling, regulates KCC2 expression in the membrane of hippocampal neurons.

Storage of information, in any form, relies on patterns standing out from thermal fluctuations. In this work, the authors highlight a fundamental tradeoff quantifying the minimum amount of nonequilibrium resources needed to achieve a target level of accuracy in the processing of information.

Connecting two superfluid reservoirs leads to both particle and entropy flow between the systems. Now, a direct measurement of the entropy current and production in ultracold quantum gases reveals how superfluidity enhances entropy transport.

Reversible and rapid switching between metallic and insulating states is key for next-generation memory devices, but identifying and studying such materials is challenging. Here, using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, the authors investigate a metastable metallic state of 1T-TaS₂ when exposed to short current pulses.

In hepatocellular carcinoma driven by non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, aberrant T cell activation and impaired immune surveillance seem to make hepatocellular carcinoma less responsive to anti-PD1 or anti-PDL1 immunotherapy.