Search

Ancient DNA analysis of early European farmers has found a high level of genetic affinity with present-day Sardinians. Here, the authors generate genome-wide capture data for 70 individuals from Sardinia spanning the Middle Neolithic to Medieval period to reveal relationships with mainland European populations shifting over time.

Population-level analyses and in vitro experiments show that a specific genetic variant of cyclin D3 inhibits the growth of the malaria-causing parasite Plasmodium falciparum in erythrocytes, and suggest that its high frequency in Sardinia was driven by past endemic malaria.

Analyses of 3,514 whole-genome-sequenced individuals from Sardinia indicate that within-island substructure and sex-biased processes have impacted the genetic history of Sardinia, providing new insight into the demography of ancestral Sardinians.

Decreased brain volumes and increased NfL levels can be observed earlier than disease diagnosis in short-tandem-repeat-associated neurological diseases.

A large genome-wide association study of more than 5 million individuals reveals that 12,111 single-nucleotide polymorphisms account for nearly all the heritability of height attributable to common genetic variants.

Polygenic scores for body mass index and obesity constructed using data from 5 million people with different ancestries were associated with distinct weight gain trajectories from early childhood to adulthood.

A genome-wide association meta-analysis study of blood lipid levels in roughly 1.6 million individuals demonstrates the gain of power attained when diverse ancestries are included to improve fine-mapping and polygenic score generation, with gains in locus discovery related to sample size.

Rare coding variants that reduce the activity of a protein can have a beneficial impact on health. Here, researchers identify rare genetic variants in the CHRNB3 gene that associate with reduced cigarette smoking across diverse populations.

An analysis of 3,757 Sardinian genomes identifies 122 association signals for 459 immune cell traits at 69 loci. Some variants are associated with autoimmune disorders.

Gonçalo Abecasis, Francesco Cucca, David Schlessinger, Serena Sanna and colleagues report ~17.6 million genetic variants from whole-genome sequencing of 2,120 Sardinians. They assess the impact of these variants on circulating lipid levels and five inflammatory biomarkers.

REMETA is a method for meta-analyzing gene-based associations using summary statistics, integrating with REGENIE and improving computational efficiency for large studies with many phenotypes.

Francesco Cucca and colleagues perform a genome-wide association study for multiple sclerosis in Sardinians. The authors identify variants within CBLB that are associated with MS.

Sahar Mozaffari et al. conduct a parent of origin genome-wide association study in a large Hutterite pedigree to determine parent-of-origin effects on 21 phenotypes. They identify effects on 11 phenotypes (including single parent and opposite parental effects), most of which are associated with cardiovascular disease.

The rise in type 1 diabetes is thought to be related to increased childhood obesity, but this relationship is not well understood. In this study, the authors utilize Mendelian randomization to separate the direct and indirect effects of childhood body size on risk of type 1 diabetes and 7 other immune-associated disease outcomes.

Thyroid dysfunction is involved in many diseases. Here, the authors provide insights into the genetics and biological pathways influencing important thyroid function parameters, showing potential causal effects on many clinical outcomes.

Drugs targeting cardiovascular disease (CVD) can have negative consequences for liver function. Here, the authors combine genome wide analyses on 69,479 individuals to identify loss-of-function variants with beneficial effects on CVD-related traits without negative impacts on liver function.

1000 Genomes imputation can increase the power of genome-wide association studies to detect genetic variants associated with human traits and diseases. Here, the authors develop a method to integrate and analyse low-coverage sequence data and SNP array data, and show that it improves imputation performance.

Membranous nephropathy (MN) is a rare autoimmune disease of podocyte-directed antibodies, such as anti-phospholipase A2 receptor. Here, the authors report a genome-wide association study for MN and identify two previously unreported loci encompassing the NFKB1 and IRF4 genes and additional ancestry-specific effects.

Genomic studies often lack representation from diverse populations, limiting equitable insights. Here, the authors show that the BIG Initiative captures extensive genetic diversity and reveals ancestry-linked health disparities in a community-based Mid-South cohort.

Francesco Cucca, David Schlessinger, John Novembre, Gonçalo Abecasis and colleagues present sequencing-based whole-genome association analyses for stature in Sardinia and identify two variants that lead to reduced height. Their findings suggest that shorter stature was selected for in Sardinia.

Jose Florez, Claudia Langenberg, Erik Ingelsson, Inga Prokopenko, Inês Barroso and colleagues perform large-scale association analyses using the Metabochip to gain further insights into the genetic architecture of glucose regulation. They identify 38 new loci influencing 1 or more glycemic traits and show that many of these loci also modify risk of type 2 diabetes.

Sekar Kathiresan and colleagues examine 185 common variants using a modified mendelian randomization approach and provide evidence supporting a causal role of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in the development of coronary artery disease.

Christian Fuchsberger, Gonçalo Abecasis and colleagues describe a new web-based imputation service that enables rapid imputation of large numbers of samples and allows convenient access to large reference panels of sequenced individuals. Their state space reduction provides a computationally efficient solution for genotype imputation with no loss in imputation accuracy.

Francesco Cucca, Serena Sanna, David Schlessinger, Gonçalo Abecasis and colleagues report genome-wide association analysis results for the levels of A1, A2 and fetal hemoglobin in a large Sardinian cohort. By integrating high-density array genotyping and whole-genome sequencing, they detect 23 associations at 10 loci and observe a wide range of pleiotropic effects of variants across the 3 hemoglobin types.

Francesco Cucca, Stephen Montgomery and colleagues identify regulatory variants that influence gene expression and splicing using whole-genome and transcriptome sequence data from 624 Sardinians. They find a high frequency of splicing and expression quantitative trait loci near genes involved in malarial resistance and multiple sclerosis.

Cristen Willer and colleagues report genome-wide association analyses for blood lipid levels in 188,578 individuals. They identify 62 loci newly associated with blood lipid levels, refine the association signals at 12 loci and examine associations with cardiovascular and metabolic traits.

Genome-wide analyses identify variants in B3GALT5 and ST6GAL1 associated with influenza susceptibility. Knockdown of ST6GAL1 in cell culture reduces influenza infectivity, likely by interfering with the glycoprotein modifications required for viral entry.

Durable agonism of NPR1 achieved with a novel investigational monoclonal antibody could mirror the positive hemodynamic changes in blood pressure and heart failure identified in humans with lifelong exposure to NPR1 coding variants.

A dataset of coding variation, derived from exome sequencing of nearly one million individuals from a range of ancestries, provides insight into rare variants and could accelerate the discovery of disease-associated genes and advance precision medicine efforts.

Anterior Uveitis is a common inflammatory eye disease that can result in vision loss. Here, the authors perform GWAS and whole-exome analyses of Anterior Uveitis to identify the underlying genetics of HLA-B*27 positive and negative forms of the disease.

Genotype and exome sequencing of 150,000 participants and whole-genome sequencing of 9,950 selected individuals recruited into the Mexico City Prospective Study constitute a valuable, publicly available resource of non-European sequencing data.

An exome-wide association study of six smoking phenotypes in up to 749,459 individuals identifies associations of rare coding variants in CHRNB2 that may reduce the likelihood of smoking.

Stroke is a multifactorial disease influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Here, the authors apply exome-wide association analysis to find rare coding variants associated with stroke in a Pakistani cohort, finding a significant association of a variant in NOTCH3 that is highly enriched in South Asians.

A meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of phenotypic variation for height and body mass index in human populations using 170,000 samples shows that one single nucleotide polymorphism at the FTO locus, which is associated with obesity, is also associated with phenotypic variation.

The goal of the 1000 Genomes Project is to provide in-depth information on variation in human genome sequences. In the pilot phase reported here, different strategies for genome-wide sequencing, using high-throughput sequencing platforms, were developed and compared. The resulting data set includes more than 95% of the currently accessible variants found in any individual, and can be used to inform association and functional studies.

This report from the 1000 Genomes Project describes the genomes of 1,092 individuals from 14 human populations, providing a resource for common and low-frequency variant analysis in individuals from diverse populations; hundreds of rare non-coding variants at conserved sites, such as motif-disrupting changes in transcription-factor-binding sites, can be found in each individual.

Genome-wide meta-analysis of SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and severity phenotypes in up to 756,646 samples identifies a rare protective variant proximal to ACE2. A 6-SNP genetic risk score provides additional predictive power when added to known risk factors.

Trans-ancestry genome-wide analyses identify multiple loci associated with ascending aortic diameter. A polygenic score constructed from these loci predicted prevalent risk of thoracic aortic aneurysm in independent populations.

Jonathan Marchini, Gonçalo Abecasis, Richard Durbin and colleagues describe the construction of a reference panel of human haplotypes from whole-genome sequencing data. They are able to use this to accurately impute genotypes at low minor allele frequency and present remote server resources for use by the community.

Results for the final phase of the 1000 Genomes Project are presented including whole-genome sequencing, targeted exome sequencing, and genotyping on high-density SNP arrays for 2,504 individuals across 26 populations, providing a global reference data set to support biomedical genetics.

Rare variant association data from human genetics combined with in vitro and in vivo functional validation highlight ANGPTL7 as a promising therapeutic target for intraocular pressure reduction, and protection from glaucoma.