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Genomic analyses applied to 14 childhood- and adult-onset psychiatric disorders identifies five underlying genomic factors that explain the majority of the genetic variance of the individual disorders.

The study shows that lunar ilmenite preserves less solar wind-generated water than silicate minerals, likely due to faster water escape. This finding suggests that ilmenite may critically influence surface water variations within the lunar Procellarum KREEP Terrane.

A metric to measure coral thermal tolerance to cold stress was developed alongside heat tolerance, revealing species-specific thermal limits and microbial patterns that improve assessment of coral resilience under climate change.

Confident molecular identification is key for studying complex biochemistry. Here, the authors employ Quantum-Cascade Laser-based Mid-infrared imaging for rapid identification of ROIs, followed by MALDI imaging prm-PASEF for in-depth lipid identifications directly on complex tissues.

A global network of researchers was formed to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity; this paper reports 13 genome-wide significant loci and potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection.

Through RNA profiling of right ventricular tissue from patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, Jafari et al. uncover mechanisms underlying disease severity-associated remodeling, identify key signaling molecules involved in fibrotic and proliferative pathways, and reveal processes driving right ventricular recovery after pulmonary endarterectomy.

Genotype-phenotype data from over 450,000 individuals was analyzed to discover 205 genomic loci where an allele associated with increase adiposity was associated with a lower cardiometabolic disease risk to an individual.

In this large-scale metagenomics study encompassing 3,483 human host-derived samples from seven body sites, researchers identify 583 unreported single-genome bins and report 314 metagenome-disease as well as 814 biosynthetic gene-disease associations.

Mucolipidosis type IV is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in the endolysosomal cation channel TRPML1 and results in progressive neurodegeneration. Here, Chen et al. demonstrate that small molecules can be used to restore TRPML1 mutant channel function and rescue disease-associated symptoms.

Salivary gland cancers (SGC) respond poorly to immunotherapies and new treatment strategies are needed. Here, the authors develop an integrated analysis of advanced SGC to characterize the immune microenvironment and identify potential therapeutic vulnerabilities.

Thalidomide and its derivatives lenalidomide and pomalidomide, which are used to treat multiple myeloma and del(5q) myelodysplastic syndrome, have antitumor and teratogenic effects through a mechanism involving destabilization of the CD147 and MCT1 proteins.

The Tyrolean Iceman is 5,300 years old and his mitochondrial genome has been previously sequenced. This study reports the full genome sequence of the Iceman and reveals that he probably had brown eyes, was at risk for coronary disease and may have been infected with the pathogen Lyme borreliosis.

Inborn errors of the alternative NF-κB pathway in humans impair the development of AIRE-expressing medullary thymic epithelial cells, thereby underlying the production of autoantibodies against type I IFNs and predisposition to viral diseases

Aging is a key risk factor for chronic diseases of the elderly. Here the authors perform large-scale miRNA profiling of blood from individuals of a range of ages and show that common diseases alter the physiological age-related blood microRNA profile.

Sequencing of nested branches from a 234-year-old oak tree reveals a low number of somatic mutations accumulating during its lifetime, implying that mechanisms are in place to reduce these potentially deleterious mutations during ageing.

Swarm Learning is a decentralized machine learning approach that outperforms classifiers developed at individual sites for COVID-19 and other diseases while preserving confidentiality and privacy.

Ossenkoppele, Coomans and colleagues analyzed the tau PET data of 12,048 individuals from 42 cohorts worldwide. They found that age, amyloid-β status, presence of an APOE ε4 allele and female sex are key contributors to tau PET positivity, which should aid clinical decision-making and trial designs.

The structure and function of the MCR activation complex from Methanococcus maripaludis were revealed, demonstrating its ATP-dependent ability to activate MCR and form methane while uncovering a unique electron transfer pathway involving iron–sulfur clusters similar to the nitrogenase cofactor intermediates.

Enzymes are very efficient reaction catalysts, though taking advantage of this synthetically is hampered by their notorious specificity. Here, the authors identify important arrangements of active site residues and use structural bioinformatics to successfully predict enzyme activity.

A multi-ancestry meta-regression study analyses diverse genome-wide association studies and genome loci associated with tobacco and alcohol use.

A genome-wide association study including over 76,000 individuals with schizophrenia and over 243,000 control individuals identifies common variant associations at 287 genomic loci, and further fine-mapping analyses highlight the importance of genes involved in synaptic processes.

Many methanogenic archaea use H₂ and CO₂ to produce methane. Here, Taubner et al. show that Methanothermococcus okinawensis produces methane under conditions extrapolated for Saturn’s icy moon, Enceladus, and estimate that serpentinization may produce sufficient H₂ for biological methane production.

The bacterium Helicobacter pylori, often found in the human stomach, can be classified into distinct subpopulations associated with the geographic origin of the host. Here, the authors provide insights into H. pylori population structure by collecting over 1,000 clinical strains from 50 countries and generating and analyzing high-quality bacterial genome sequences.

TPC2 is a lysosomal ion channel permeable to both calcium and sodium ions. Here, the authors show that TPC2 can selectively increase its calcium permeability when simultaneously challenged by both its natural activators- NAADP and PI(3,5)P₂.

Technologies for small non-coding RNA sequencing at the single-cell level are less mature than for sequencing mRNAs. Here the authors evaluate available protocols for analysis of circulating lung cancer tumour cells.

This study on respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) reveals global genomic gaps. Using INFORM-RSV data, it uncovers selection’s impact on RSVA and RSVB diversity. Analysing full genomes, it highlights non-neutral epidemic processes. The research emphasises air travel’s influence on global spread, underscoring the need for comprehensive RSV genomic surveillance.

De novo mutations in MSL3 cause an X-linked syndrome affecting both males and females. MSL3 mutations reduce H4K16ac levels and lead to misregulation of cellular pathways involved in morphogenesis, cellular shape, and cell migration.

WHaloCaMP is a chemigenetic calcium indicator that can be combined with different rhodamine dyes for multiplexed or FLIM imaging in vivo, as demonstrated for calcium imaging in neuronal cultures, brain slices, Drosophila, zebrafish larvae and the mouse brain.

Most integrated assessment models used to estimate the long-term economic loss from current carbon emissions, and to evaluate climate policy, are deterministic. By including the risk of damage in these models, research now shows that estimates of the optimal rate of emissions abatement and carbon taxation are double the levels obtained by using the standard formulation.

A third vaccination with BNT162b2 against SARS-CoV-2 elicits antibody and T-cell responses in 4 out of 5 reported older adults who were previously low-/non-responders.

Dietary lipids are linked to the development of inflammatory bowel diseases through unclear mechanisms. Here, the authors report that dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids trigger intestinal inflammation resembling aspects of Crohn’s disease, which is restricted by glutathione peroxidase 4 in the intestinal epithelium.

The soft-grainy microstructure of cooked egg yolk is the result of a series of out of equilibrium processes of its protein-lipid contents. Here, the authors develop a time-temperature phase diagram that shows the coupling of the nanoscale processes that result in the grainy-gel microstructure of cooked egg yolk.

Brown adipose tissue is a promising target for the treatment of obesity with the potential to increase energy expenditure. Here, the authors use pharmacological and genetic approaches to block AXL receptor activation and show that its inhibition enhances brown adipocyte functionality and thermogenesis, leading to weight loss and metabolic improvements in mice.

Analyses of tumor and bone marrow tissue from patients with glioblastoma demonstrate the presence of extracerebral niches that contained tumor-reactive and memory T cell subsets, including early stem-like phenotypes and stages, indicating antitumor CD8⁺ T cell differentiation in cranial bone marrow.

An extreme Einstein ring ~10,000 times as bright as the Milky Way in the infrared is studied with VLT/ERIS and ALMA, and the authors find that the lensed galaxy is a starburst with a fast-rotating disk, rather than being driven by a major merger.

The combination of highly resolved climatic and genomic data allows assessment of putative maladaptation of populations to climate change and can identify high-risk populations. Now, a study that accounts for migration and dispersal shows high maladaptation of a North American tree species in the northern and eastern distribution range.

Intensifying food production sustainably is critical given growing demand and agriculture’s environmental footprint. This meta-analysis finds that practices such as adding organic matter and increasing crop diversity can partly substitute for nitrogen fertilizer to sustain or increase yields.

This study describes the second, shortened chloroplast variant of the ribosome-associated molecular chaperone termed trigger factor. While lacking chaperone activity, it rather contributes to maturation of the 50S ribosome subunit, particularly during plant cold acclimation.

Stratified medicine promises to tailor treatment for individual patients, however it remains a major challenge to leverage genetic risk data to aid patient stratification. Here the authors introduce an approach to stratify individuals based on the aggregated impact of their genetic risk factor profiles on tissue-specific gene expression levels, and highlight its ability to identify biologically meaningful and clinically actionable patient subgroups, supporting the notion of different patient ‘biotypes’ characterized by partially distinct disease mechanisms.

Relatives of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis have an unexpectedly high incidence of schizophrenia. Here, the authors show a genetic link between the two conditions, suggesting shared neurobiological mechanisms.