Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is the terminal stage of cancer and the current standard of care for MPE is largely palliative. Here the authors design a liposomal nanoparticle loaded with cyclic dinucleotide for targeted activation of STING signalling in macrophages and dendritic cells and show that, on intrapleural administration, the nanoparticle effectively mitigates the immune cold MPE and significantly augments the checkpoint blockade immunotherapy in a mouse MPE model and clinical patients’ samples.
- Yang Liu
- Lulu Wang
- Dawen Zhao
