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Cancer patients are at increased risk for severe bacterial infections due to immune dysfunction. Here, the authors show that chronic tumor-derived G-CSF drives NAMPT/NAD-dependent neutrophil dysfunction from the progenitor stage, and that targeting this pathway restores infection control.

The Achmatowicz reaction involves the conversion of furans into dihydropyrans, classically with the use of bromine. Here, the authors couple an enzymatic oxygen activation with a chloroperoxidase-mediated oxygen transfer, providing a biocatalytic route to a formal Achmatowicz reaction.

A study of patients with COVID-19 and healthy donors found CD4⁺ T cells that react to the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 and human endemic coronaviruses; however, the effect of pre-existing SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive T cells on clinical outcomes remains to be determined.

High-throughput screening and hit optimization have led to the development of a small molecule, CIM-834, that targets the SARS-CoV-2 membrane protein and blocks assembly of the virus.

Multiple variants of SARS-CoV-2 are inhibited by a trispecific DARPin.

A technique that combines retrograde axon tracing with single-cell transcriptomics is used to characterize neurons innervating pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and healthy pancreas, providing insight into the role of neural connections in cancer progression.

This study reports the genome of the miniature segmented annelid Dimorphilus gyrociliatus and reveals no drastic changes in genome architecture and regulation, unlike other cases of genome miniaturization.

Here, in a longitudinal case study, Weigang et al. demonstrate that evolution of SARS-CoV-2 within a persistently infected immunosuppressed patient can result in the emergence of novel variants with reduced sensitivity to antibody neutralization.

Carbonate precipitation by microbial mats in active hydrocarbon seeps can accelerate carbon sequestration in these settings by up to 25 times, according to analysis of a drill core from the South China Sea.

Annelid worms have colonised extreme ecological niches, such as hydrothermal vents and whale falls thanks to symbiotic bacteria. This study finds that Osedax worms and the related Vestimentifera have evolved different genomic adaptations to sustain their bacterial symbioses and exploit different resources, such as decaying bone.

The antigen-B-cell-receptor interaction is the driving force of terminal B cell development that spans from B cell activation to antibody secreting plasma cells. Here authors determine, using DNA-PAINT super-resolution microscopy, how antigen affinity and valency define antigen binding to BCR in an in vitro system allowing precision control of these parameters.

Here, the authors identify lymphocyte antigen 6E (LY6E) as a coronavirus (CoV) restriction factor that prevents infection of B cells and dendritic cells. LY6E inhibits both human and mouse CoV entry into cells by interfering with viral spike protein-mediated membrane fusion. It facilitates an antiviral immune response that prevents liver disease and reduces death in the mouse model of MHV-A59 CoV infection.

Interactions between the endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein complex (EMC) and the high-voltage-activated calcium channel Ca_Vα₂δ are mutually exclusive, and EMC-to-Ca_Vα₂δ hand-off involves a divalent ion-dependent step and Ca_V1.2 element ordering.

Britsch et al. develop a dynamic machine learning model that predicts 48-hour mortality for intensive care unit patients throughout their stay. The model shows robust performance across disease groups and timepoints, offering interpretable, clinically relevant risk categorization.

A new technological development for detecting floating litter from space was tested in the Mediterranean Sea. Using satellites currently in orbit, researchers achieved an unprecedented view of the emissions and accumulation areas of marine litter.

The use of robot-assisted laparoscopic technology is rapidly expanding, with applicability in numerous disciplines of surgery. At present, there are very few published guidelines for the safe introduction of urologic robotic surgery (RS) at an institution. In this Review, Liberman and colleagues focus on some of the key aspects of postgraduate and residential RS training.

Paul Pharoah and colleagues report a genome-wide association study for survival time after diagnosis of epithelial ovarian cancer and a parallel analysis of susceptibility to epithelial ovarian cancer. They identified two SNPs at 19p13.11 that associated with susceptibility to the serous subtype of epithelial ovarian cancer.

The tuberculosis pandemic requires new methods for diagnosing and containing infections prior to active disease. Here, the authors performed a multi-site observational study within sub-Saharan Africa and present serum and plasma metabolic signatures that can predict the onset of active TB with a high degree of sensitivity and specificity.

Scalable networks for processing and distribution of quantum information using photons can be achieved by using multiplexed quantum states. Here, the authors report frequency-multimode storage and spectral-temporal photon manipulation of heralded single photons at telecom wavelength, in a fully integrated setting.

Synergistic interactions between the forage crop Medicago sativa L. and the bacteria Paraburkholderia tropica WTPI1 enhance rhizoremediation of diesel fuel-contaminated soils, according to genomic analyses and inoculation experiments with hydrocarbon-polluted soils in Germany.

Trace metals have been an important ingredient for life throughout Earth’s history. Here, the authors show that a member of an elusive archaeal lineage (Caldarchaeales or Aigarchaeota) requires tungsten for growth, and provide evidence that tungsten-dependent metabolism played a role in the origin and evolution of this lineage.

A proteolytically derived fragment of the epigenetic regulator HDAC4 protects the heart through transcriptional repression of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway, thereby inhibiting protein O-GlcNAcylation and maintaining normal calcium handling and contractility of cardiomyocytes.

Here, the authors report the isolation and characterization of two human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from immunized mice with trimeric spike ectodomains of three human betacoronaviruses HCoV-OC43, SARS-CoV and MERSCoV, and show that while exhibiting cross-reactivity, the mAbs only neutralize MERS-CoV but not SARS-CoV nor SARS-CoV-2, likely due to the subtle epitope differences in the spike S2 fusion subunit.

By comparing data from real-world grassland communities with data from two of the longest-running grassland biodiversity–ecosystem functioning experiments, the authors show that conclusions derived from experimental systems are robust to the removal of unrealistic experimental communities.

Paul Pharoah and colleagues report results of the first genome-wide association study for epithelial ovarian cancer. They identify a susceptibility locus on chromosome 9p22.

The authors report the storage and retrieval of entangled telecom-wavelength photons in an erbium-doped optical fibre.

The development of a nanoparticle RNA vaccine is reported that preferentially targets dendritic cells after systemic administration, and is shown to provide durable interferon-α-dependent antigen-specific immunity in mouse tumour models; initial results in advanced melanoma patients indicate potential efficacy in humans.

Rosebrock, Arora et al. report a method to overcome limited cortical cellular diversity in human organoids, thus mirroring fundamental features of cortical development and offering a basis for organoid-based disease modelling.

An artificial molecular machine was designed by coupling a chemical equilibrium to a photoresponsive molecular motor. Upon light illumination, the rotary movement of the motor performs work on the chemical equilibrium generating a far-from-equilibrium state.

Simon Gayther and colleagues report a genome wide association study for ovarian cancer. They identify two new susceptibility loci at 2q31 and 8q24 and two suggestive susceptibility loci at 3q25 and 17q21.

Zika virus infection during pregnancy is associated with an increased rate of fetal loss in nonhuman primates, as reported in this multicenter analysis.

Whole-exome sequencing identifies mutations in CLCN2 in individuals with familial hyperaldosteronism type II or early-onset primary aldosteronism. These gain-of-function mutations cause chloride channel opening and glomerulosa cell depolarization, showing a role for anion channels in aldosterone production.

Combining multi-angle (MA) light scatter detection with time-resolved pulse shape (PS) analysis for flow cytometry (FC), Kage et al. report MAPS-FC method for cell cycle analysis. The combination of hardware modification and data analysis allows classification of cell cycle subsets without needing harmful cell labelling.

The SARS-CoV-2 Assessment of Viral Evolution (SAVE) programme provides a real-time risk assessment of SARS-CoV-2 variants with the potential to affect transmission, virulence and resistance to infection- and vaccine-induced immunity.