Search

JNJ-1802—a highly potent dengue virus inhibitor—blocks the NS3–NS4B interaction within the viral replication complex, and is highly effective against viral infection with DENV-1 or DENV-2 in non-human primates.

Future Arctic methane emissions may be less dependent on soil hydrology. Here, this study indicates that if the high latitudes maintain wet conditions, the cooling effects could limit the increase in methane, resulting in emissions similar to a warmer dry scenario with a higher substrate availability.

Droplet microfluidics enables high-throughput single-cell sequencing, but often with increased noise. Here the authors report spinDrop (sorting picoinjection inDrop) to increase gene detection and reduce noise; they use this to generate a high-quality molecular atlas of mouse brain development.

Surface-enhanced Raman emission can measure the effective temperatures both of the vibrational modes and the flowing electrons in a nanoscale junction.

Combining cavity-enhanced direct frequency comb spectroscopy with buffer gas cooling enables rapid collection of well-resolved infrared spectra for molecules such as nitromethane, naphthalene and adamantane, confirming the value of the combined approach for studying much larger and more complex molecules than have been probed so far.

Microwave spectroscopy is used to map the sign of an electric dipole Rabi frequency — which depends directly on the chirality of the molecule — onto the phase of emitted microwave radiation, thereby determining the chirality of cold gas-phase molecules.

NOTCH3 signalling is shown to be the underlying driver of the differentiation and expansion of a subset of synovial fibroblasts implicated in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis.

Typically, ion conducting polymers exhibit a trade-off between mechanical robustness and ionic conducting performance. Here, the authors utilize supramolecular chemistry obtaining extremely tough electrolytes with high ionic conductivity and enabling stretchable lithium-ion batteries.

The understanding of how a singlet exciton separates into triplet states in organic semiconductors is crucial to the design of efficient organic solar cells. Here, Lukmanet al. identify the role played by charge-transfer states during triplet formation through side-group engineering of pentacenes.

Coherent acoustic plasmons in time-domain measurements are rarely observed due to Landau damping. Here, Glinka et al. use transient second-harmonic generation to observe coherent acoustic Dirac plasmon modes survived in indirectly opposite-surface coupled Bi₂Se₃films due to Dirac fermion tunnelling.

X-chromosomal genetic variants are understudied but can yield valuable insights into sexually dimorphic human traits and diseases such as chronic kidney disease (CKD). Here, the authors perform a sex-stratified, cross-ancestry X-chromosome-wide association meta-analysis of seven kidney-related traits, with results including identification of four novel loci associated with the CKD-defining trait eGFR.

V. cholerae uses its DNA-uptake pili to bind to chitinous surfaces. These filaments also mediate auto-aggregation and, given strain-to-strain variability in PilA (the major pilin subunit), enable discrimination between cells carrying different PilA subunits.

Plasmodium falciparum, known to cause malaria in humans, evolved from parasites of African Great Apes. Here, the authors compare the genome of the human parasite, P. falciparum, with those of two related chimpanzee parasites, P. reichenowi and P. gaboni, and provide insight into the genetic basis of P. falciparumadaptation to human hosts.

Crystal engineering is a powerful process for assembling complex materials but tends to require organic building blocks, which can limit stability. Here, the authors use inorganic polyoxometalates to assemble an all-inorganic metamorphic framework that can be switched between eight distinct states.

Unlike ferrocene and its cationic counterpart ferrocenium, the ferrocene monoanion is an unusual species that has been observed through low-temperature electrochemical studies. Now, a family of isostructural 3d metallocenates has been isolated that consists of a manganocene, a cobaltocene and a high-spin ferrocene anion stabilized by cyclopentadienyl ligands bearing bulky aliphatic groups.

Tamoxifen, widely used to modulate oestrogen receptor activity in breast cancer treatment, also regulates sphingolipid metabolism. Here the authors show that the latter activity of tamoxifen stimulates pro-inflammatory and antibacterial activities of human neutrophils.

Lithium niobate has piezoelectric and birefringent properties useful for optics, but it is not readily integrated with traditional optoelectronics. Here, the authors create a device that senses photoconductance in semiconducting molybdenum disulfide using surface acoustic waves excited in lithium niobate.

Elemental sulphur is an insulator in the bulk phase, although it may become conducting under ultrahigh-pressure conditions. Here, the authors report a one-dimensional conducting form of sulphur formed by encapsulation inside single-walled and double-walled carbon nanotubes.

On-chip nonlinear optics devices find a number of applications in modern optics from spectroscopy to communications. Here, the authors increase the degrees of freedom for frequency mixing by demonstrating the nonlinear interaction of perpendicularly-polarized modes in an integrated microring resonator.

Inflammatory caspases restrict microbial growth by inducing cytokine production and pyroptosis, but other caspase-induced mechanisms are thought to contribute. Here the authors use time-lapse microscopy of single cells to show that caspase1/11 has anti-Salmonella functions that occur in advance of cell death induction.

At low concentration, uncharged amphiphilic block copolymers form discrete micelles. Here the authors show that triblock copolyelectrolytes can form phase separated gels at low concentrations, which can be useful in applications, such as, tissue engineering and water purification.

Excited state aromaticity gives rise to unique photophysical properties which may aid the design of functional photoactive materials. Here, the authors spectroscopically characterize an acceptor-donor-acceptor system featuring a two-electron transfer process stabilized by aromatization in the lower energy excited state.

In sandy, permeable sediments, which frequently cycle between oxic and anoxic conditions, there is an uncoupling of fermentative and respiratory bacteria, and bacterial, rather than microalgal, fermentation drives the accumulation of hydrogen in this environment.

The C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II is composed of a series of heptad repeats that exhibit some degree of sequence variation and that are subject to extensive phosphorylation. Here the authors provide evidence that local structural variations within the CTD are functionally important.

Engineered dissipation is used to stabilize a Mott-insulator phase of photons trapped in a superconducting circuit, providing insights into thermalization processes in strongly correlated quantum matter.

The cellular function of small GTPases is regulated by switching between active (GTP-bound) and inactive (GDP-bound) states. Here the authors develop nucleotide analogues that can be covalently linked to GTPases via a strategically placed cysteine residue to lock the target GTPase in defined activation states.

Conjugated polymers are promising materials for organic photovoltaic solar cells. By usingin situgrazing incidence wide-angle X-ray diffraction, Ocko and collaborators report the formation of a new type of crystalline arrangement in a conjugated polymer material known as PCDTBT.

Fatty acid desaturase genes encode enzymes for the biosynthesis of fatty acids that are essential for individuals with plant-based diets. Here, the authors show positive selection on alternative alleles in Europeans before and after the onset of farming and strongest selection in Southern European farmers.

Scalable networks for processing and distribution of quantum information using photons can be achieved by using multiplexed quantum states. Here, the authors report frequency-multimode storage and spectral-temporal photon manipulation of heralded single photons at telecom wavelength, in a fully integrated setting.

The protein raptor is a subunit of the mTORC signalling complex. Here the authors show that Raptor also exists in a free form, unbound to mTORC, and that this free Raptor negatively regulates hepatic Akt activity and lipid metabolism in mice via a mechanism involving the Akt phosphatase PHLPP2.

The large-scale production of CS₂ presents both environmental and biological hazards, yet adsorbents capable of CS₂ capture remain scarcely explored. Here, Long and colleagues demonstrate that CS₂ is adsorbed in diamine-appended metal–organic frameworks through a cooperative and chemically specific insertion process.

The researchers showcase a silicon-photonics-based analog approach for large-scale image processing that can be deployed for high-speed image compression and de-noising using an auto-encoder framework with minimal power consumption.

The International Union for Conservation of Nature’s Global Ecosystem Typology has been developed to provide a systematic framework for data on all of Earth’s ecosystems in a unified theoretical context to support biodiversity conservation and ecosystem services.

The proteasome regulates several important cellular processes and has been identified as a target for therapeutic interventions. Here the authors map the conformational and energy landscape of the 26S proteasome upon Oprozomib binding and uncover long-range allosteric effects that control the dynamic behaviour of the proteasome.

Ganuza et al. report that foetal liver haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are largely biased to differentiation rather than self-renewal, resulting in a modest expansion of the HSC pool with contribution to adult haematopoiesis.

Endocytosis and degradation of plasma membrane proteins in the axon initial segment, together with the diffusion-barrier mechanism, maintain a polarized distribution of plasma membrane proteins in Caenorhabditis elegans, mouse, rat and human neurons.

Changes in Polycomb repression during interphase transition modulate the ability of pluripotent cells to enter cell differentiation.

Furlan et al. report that neurotensin-expressing neurons in the IPAC encode preference for unhealthy energy-dense foods and drive hedonic eating. Thus, inhibition of these neurons reduces hedonic eating, improves metabolic health and prevents obesity.

Entanglement was observed in top–antitop quark events by the ATLAS experiment produced at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN using a proton–proton collision dataset with a centre-of-mass energy of √s  = 13 TeV and an integrated luminosity of 140 fb⁻¹.

Comparative genomics and proteomics of archaea and eukaryotes are used to explore the evolutionary history of eukaryotic chromatin, including modifications, catalytic functions and relationship with genomic parasites.

Medulloblastomas are the most common malignant childhood brain tumours and are thought to arise from the cerebellum. There is substantial heterogeneity among medulloblastomas and some are thought to arise following aberrant Sonic Hedgehog pathway activation. It is now shown that a distinct subtype of medulloblastoma arises from the dorsal brainstem and is associated with altered WNT signalling. Distinct molecular and clinical profiles of the subtypes have implications for future treatment.

DNA and RNA sequencing in large cohorts of patients with rectal cancer treated with neoadjuvant therapies identifies biomarkers of response that could inform patient selection for non-operative treatment strategies.

The molecular characterisation of germ cell tumours (GCT) is necessary to understand their development and histological diversification. Here, the authors use whole-genome and transcriptome sequencing of GCTs across distinct histologies to reveal their somatic evolution and clonal diversification, as well as identify several putative biomarkers for treatment stratification.

Plant biosynthetic enzymes rapidly evolve to catalyze specialized reactions. Here, the authors present the crystal structure and mechanism of COSY, the enzyme involved in coumarin biosynthesis of the BAHD-acyltransferase family that catalyzes an intramolecular acyl transfer reaction through a proton exchange mechanism.