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When a plasma interacts with a surface, different thermal effects may arise. Here, the authors explore plasma interactions with a surface that produce a surface cooling effect.

3d transition metal nanoparticles are of interest in fields ranging from spintronics, catalysis, and biomedicine. This paper provides a detailed picture of the oxidation of cobalt nanoparticles and benchmarks the development of models for the metal oxidation and magnetic phenomena at the nanoscale.

Human leukotriene B4 receptors (BLT1 and BLT2) are members of the GPCR superfamily that respond to a potent pro-inflammatory lipid and chemoattractant LTB4. Here authors determined a crystal structure of the human BLT1 in complex with a selective antagonist MK-D-046 and provide insights into hBLT1 ligand recognition and its mechanism of action.

In Caenorhabditis elegans, paternal exposure to ionizing radiation results in HIS-24 and HPL-1-dependent genome instability phenotypes, causing embryonic lethality in the offspring.

In this work, the authors show that metamorphism in the post-translationally modified TDP-43 prion-like domain encodes determinants that command mechanisms with major relevance in disease and stress the relevance of post-translationally modified chains as the targets for disease intervention.

Disentangling the impacts of non-pharmaceutical interventions on COVID-19 transmission is challenging as they have been used in different combinations across time and space. This study shows that, early in the epidemic, school/daycare closures and stopping nursing home visits were associated with the biggest reduction in transmission in the United States.

Reactive nitrogen species can cause profound inhibition of α-ketoacid dehydrogenase complexes via covalent S-modifications of the E2 subunit’s catalytic lipoic arm. The enzymes’ substrate, CoA, can mediate targeted delivery of such modifications.

Understanding structure-property relationship of dye arrays is of great importance for designing organic photonic and photovoltaic materials. Here, authors present a slip-stacked perylene bisimide array as a model system to investigate singlet fission mechanisms by depending upon interchromophoric interaction.

The ion channel NALCN regulates cell shedding in mice and enhances metastasis in mouse models of cancer. Disseminated cells without oncogenic mutations form normal structures at secondary sites, suggesting that cell shedding is a physiological process that is hijacked during tumorigenesis.

Researchers demonstrate a multilevel non-volatile phase shifter memory that is based on the monolithic integration of BaTiO₃ thin films and silicon waveguides. By manipulating ferroelectric domains in BaTiO₃ with electrical control signals, they achieve analogue and non-volatile optical phase tuning.

Neuronal activity is emerging as a driver of nervous system tumors. Here, the authors show in mouse models of Neurofibromatosis-1 (NF1) that Nf1 mutations differentially drive both central and peripheral nervous system tumor growth in mice through reduced hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channel function.

The presented Mean-Shift Super Resolution (MSSR) algorithm can extend spatial resolution within a single microscopy image. Its applicability extends across a wide range of experimental and instrumental configurations and it is compatible with other super-resolution microscopy approaches.

Sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) are considered to be products of homologous recombination repair. The authors show that SCEs can arise independently of homologous recombination due to processing of replication intermediates during mitosis.

Radionuclide brachytherapy delivered via an injectable biopolymer depot conjugated with iodine-131 and combined with systemically delivered paclitaxel induced the complete regression of multiple subcutaneous and orthotopic pancreatic tumours in mice.

Cell-specific respiration rates differ by more than 1,000× among prokaryoplankton genera, and the majority of respiration was found to be performed by minority members of prokaryoplankton, whereas cells of the most prevalent lineages had extremely low respiration rates.

Actin histidine methyltransferase SETD3 is a host factor critical for the replication of enteroviruses. Here, the authors report the 3.5 Å cryoEM structure of SETD3 interacting with enterovirus CV-B3 2A protease, defining the actin-binding SET domain as essential for virus replication.

Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants raise concerns on immune evasion. Here, the authors evaluate the neutralization efficiency of COVID-19 mRNA vaccinee sera against representative viruses of 13 WHO-designated SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern/interest.

Counter-rotating gases demonstrate external gas acquisition in galaxies, but their presence in blue, star-forming galaxies has not been studied systematically. Here, the authors analyse the MaNGA survey data to find a fraction of counter-rotators among blue galaxies whose central regions show ongoing growth.

The kinase mTOR controls anabolic metabolism. Here, the authors create fat-specific mTORC2 knockout mice using the Adiponectin-Cre driver and show mTORC2 signalling is important for systemic metabolic homeostasis by controlling adipocyte de novolipogenesis and glucose uptake.

In vitroassays involving multiple cell types cannot control the stoichiometry or contact times of cell-cell interactions. Here, the authors present a patterned co-culture platform based on printed oligonucleotides capable of controlling cell-cell interactions of up to four different cell types at the single-cell level.

Plateaus separated by deeply incised fjords are hallmarks of glaciated passive continental margins. Computational experiments show that they arise from evolving feedbacks between topography, ice dynamics and erosion over millions of years.

Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) spontaneously convert to multipotent adult spermatogonial-derived stem cells (MASCs). Here, the authors reveal the dynamics of bivalent histone H3-lysine4 and -lysine27 methylation signatures at somatic gene promoters in SSCs and ESC-like promoter chromatin states in MASCs.

Monoclonal antibodies with broadly neutralizing activity are being developed as potential treatment of influenza infections. Here, the authors describe a broadly neutralizing antibody with an unusual mode of binding to viral haemagglutinin, which has been isolated from patients convalescent from pandemic H1N1 influenza infection.

In freely moving rodents, eye movements serve to keep the visual fields of the two eyes continuously overlapping overhead at the expense of continuous alignment, a strategy that may have evolved to maintain constant overhead surveillance of predators.

Using a haplotype-based approach, David-Alexandre Trégouët and colleagues report that the SLC22A3-LPAL2-LPA gene cluster is associated with risk of coronary artery disease.

The mucus layer is an important physical niche within the gut which harbours a distinct microbial community. Here the authors show that specific carbohydrate-binding modules associated with bacterial carbohydrate-active enzymes are mucus adhesins that target regions of the distal colon rich in sialomucins.

Defects in silicon carbide represent a viable candidate for realization of spin qubits. Here, the authors show stable bidirectional charge state conversion for the silicon vacancy and divacancy, improving the photoluminescence intensity by up to three orders of magnitude with no effect on spin coherence.

γδ T cells are generally considered innate‐like lymphocytes. Here the authors sequence human γδ T cell receptors (TCR) to show focusing of the private Vδ1 TCR repertoire, suggesting that, unlike Vδ2 T cells, the Vδ1 T cell compartment has adaptive attributes.

Cryo-electron microscopy reveals the mechanism of human translation initiation from codon scanning to subunit joining. The structures show the roles of the Kozak sequence, GTP hydrolysis by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2) and eIF5B in 48S remodeling, as well as that of eIF3 in the control of 60S docking.

A multi-cohort genome-wide association study of tau PET, a brain imaging-based marker of Alzheimer’s disease, identifies a CYP1B1-RMDN2 locus as associated with higher tau and faster cognitive decline. These results suggest a new genetic contribution to cerebral tau and target for Alzheimer’s disease research.

Basal-like breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease with poor prognosis; however, its cellular origins and aetiology are poorly understood. Here the authors provide evidence that ID4 is a key controller of mammary stem/progenitor cell self-renewal, acting upstream of Notch signalling to repress luminal fate commitment.

Brain-machine interfaces (BMI) depend on algorithms to decode neural signals, but these decoders cope poorly with signal variability. Here, authors report a BMI decoder which circumvents these problems by using a large and perturbed training dataset to improve performance with variable neural signals.

Snakes are notoriously apt at generating 'thermal images' of predators or prey. The underlying physiology has been unclear, although in snakes such as pythons, vipers and boas, infrared signals are initially received by the pit organ. Here it is shown that pit-bearing snakes rely on heat detection by the ion channel TRPA1. This extends the sensory repertoire of the TRPA1 family of proteins, which detect chemical irritants in mammals and thermal variations in insects.

GABAergic cortical interneurons have important roles in the computations of neural circuits, but their developmental origin in primates is controversial. Here the authors characterize neural stem cell and progenitor cell organization in the developing human ganglionic eminences and reveal that, just as in rodents, they give rise to a majority of cortical GABAergic neurons.

Intra- and interlimb coordination during locomotion is governed by hierarchically organized lumbar spinal networks. Here, the authors show that reversible silencing of spinal L2–L5 interneurons specifically disrupts hindlimb alternation leading to a continuum of walking to hopping.

The fission yeast cytokinetic ring assembles by Search-Capture-Pull-Release from precursor nodes that include formin Cdc12 and myosin Myo2. The authors reconstitute Search-Capture-Pull in vitro and find that Myo2 pulling on Cdc12-associated actin filaments mechano-inhibits Cdc12-mediated assembly, which enables proper ring assembly in vivo.

Can excitons be used to achieve scalable control of quantum light? Steffen Michaelis de Vasconcellos explained toNature Photonicsthat the optoelectrical control of exciton qubits in quantum dots offers great promise.

Even in the absence of apparent genetic and environmental differences, substantial behavioral individuality emerges. This study demonstrates that such seemingly stochastic variation in a clonal fish species translates into predictable differences in life-history measures and ultimately fitness.

A SARS-CoV-2 variant containing a D614G substitution in the spike protein shows enhanced binding to human ACE2, increased replication in human cell cultures and a competitive advantage in animal models of infection.

Nematic liquid crystal elastomers (LCE). exhibit unique mechanical properties such as large loss behaviour, which makes these materials interesting for damping applications. Here, the authors investigate the effect of anomalous damping in LCEs by comparing impact dissipation in shaped samples with elastic wave transmission and resonance.

Point defects compromise the electronic performance of hybrid perovskites, yet no experimental identifications have been reported. Here, the authors, for the first time, identify lead monovacancy defect in MAPbI3 using positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy with the aid of density functional theory.