Oral vaccines are gaining attention for their ease of administration and ability to activate mucosal immune responses. However, preclinical studies using this route often require the use of gavage, which has limitations. In this comment, we briefly discuss the challenges associated with gavage as a technique for studying oral vaccine administration in preclinical models and explore alternative methods.
- Beatriz Miguelena Chamorro
- Gokul Swaminathan
- Stéphane Paul
