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Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) associated uveitis can cause vision loss in children, but mechanisms remain unclear. The authors here identify elevated CD19⁺IgD^-CD27^- double negative type 1 B cells in JIA-uveitis and show that targeting B-T cell interactions suppresses disease in mouse models of uveitis.

Analysing 501 Reddit posts, this study reveals the cyclical nature of Autistic inertia, its fatiguing effects, links to co-occurring conditions, and coping strategies – moving closer to a formal definition and highlighting urgent research and support needs.

High-depth sequencing of non-cancerous tissue from patients with metastatic cancer reveals single-base mutational signatures of alcohol, smoking and cancer treatments, and reveals how exogenous factors, including cancer therapies, affect somatic cell evolution.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

An integrated analysis of de novo and inherited coding variants in 42,607 individuals with autism spectrum disorder identifies 60 risk genes of which five have not previously been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders.

In this Review, Elizabeth Lawson discusses the data that link oxytocin to eating behaviour and metabolism in humans. Although further investigation is required, Lawson suggests that the pathways involving oxytocin can be targeted in the treatment of metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes mellitus.

Openshaw and colleagues find myeloid inflammation and complement activation signatures in patients with long COVID who were previously hospitalized.

Pro-inflammatory signaling during embryonic development is poorly understood. Here, the authors identify that the master inflammatory factor p65 drives cycles of cell quiescence and proliferation to power the development of hematopoietic stem cells.

Analysis of ancient human DNA from the Swahili coast reveals that predominantly African female ancestors and Asian male ancestors formed families after around ad 1000 and lived in elite communities in coastal stone towns.

Whole-genome sequencing analysis of 81 prehistoric individuals reveals how the genetic makeup of people from the North Pontic region was influenced by waves of migration during the Eneolithic period and Early Bronze Age.

Villeneuve et al. report coordination of contractile forces during mammalian hair follicle development, with actomyosin contractility and mechanical forces from the epidermis and underlying tissue regulating placode invagination and Sox9 expression.

Various endocrine abnormalities arise in anorexia nervosa. Most are related to the body's adaptation to starvation, but some might relate to susceptibility to recurrence, as they persist after recovery. Lawson and Klibanski summarize the main endocrine alterations in girls and women, concentrating particularly on bone loss.

Ancient DNA reveals how the explosive expansion of Yamnaya steppe pastoralists began with a small community north of the Black Sea speaking ancestral Indo-European, and detects genetic links with Anatolian speakers, stemming from a common Indo-Anatolian homeland in the North Caucasus–lower Volga region.

Structural and single-molecule analyses show the CTPase, KorB, is a sliding DNA clamp that interacts with a clamp-locking protein KorA to inhibit gene expression over distances of more than 1 kb in the multi-drug resistance RK2 plasmid.

Whole-genome sequencing is used to analyse the landscape of somatic mutation in intestinal crypts from 16 mammalian species, revealing that rates of somatic mutation inversely scale with the lifespan of the animal across species.

Genome-wide ancient DNA data from individuals from the Middle Bronze Age to Iron Age documents large-scale movement of people from the European continent between 1300 and 800 bc that was probably responsible for spreading early Celtic languages to Britain.

Immune lymphocyte estimation from nucleotide sequencing (ImmuneLENS) infers B cell and T cell fractions from whole-genome sequencing data. Applied to the 100,000 Genomes Project datasets, circulating T cell fraction provides sex-dependent and prognostic insights in patients.

Levantine Phoenicians made little genetic contribution to Punic settlements in the central and western Mediterranean between the sixth and second centuries bce; instead, the Punic people derived most of their ancestry from a genetic profile similar to that of Sicily and the Aegean, with notable contributions from North Africa as well.

Gelabert et al. examine genomic and archaeological data from Europe’s earliest farming communities in Central Europe (5500–5000 bce). They find differentiated genetic networks but no evidence of unequal access to resources linked to sex or kin.

The role ice sheets play in the silica cycle over glacial−interglacial timescales remains unclear. Here, based on the measurement of silica isotopes in Greenland meltwater and a nearby marine sediment core, the authors suggest expanding ice sheets considerably increased isotopically light silica in the oceans.

There is high prevalence of whole genome duplication (WGD) in high grade serous ovarian cancer. Here, the authors compare tumours with and without WGD and find that those that acquired WGD early during tumour evolution are associated with worse survival and have the lowest expression of MHC-II.

Ancient DNA from Soqotra, an island off the coast of Yemen, evidences a population history differing from other areas of the Arabian Peninsula and suggests there has not been complete population replacement throughout the region between the Pleistocene and Holocene.

Vaccination is effective in protecting from COVID-19. Here the authors report immune responses and breakthrough infections in twice-vaccinated patients receiving anti-TNF treatments for inflammatory bowel disease, and find dampened vaccine responses that implicate the need of adapted vaccination schedules for these patients.

Genome-wide analyses of ancient DNA from individuals from California and Mexico shed light on the spread of Mexican ancestry to California and how it correlates with linguistic flow.

Genome-wide CRISPR screens in mouse cancer cell lines are used to identify a core, conserved set of genes and pathways that govern how cancer cells evade killing by cytotoxic T lymphocytes.

TNF can be inhibited by small molecules that stabilize the TNF trimer in an asymmetric conformation. Here, the authors develop a monoclonal antibody that selectively binds this inactive form of TNF, enabling both target engagement assessment and structural characterization of TNF binding to TNF receptor 1.

Archaeogenetic study of ancient DNA from medieval northwestern Europeans reveals substantial increase of continental northern European ancestry in Britain, suggesting mass migration across the North Sea during the Early Middle Ages.

The identification of biomarkers of response to PARP inhibitors can enable selection of appropriate ovarian cancer patients for treatment. In this study, the authors report clinical results and exploratory biomarker analyses from the ARIEL2 phase 2 clinical trial on the safety and efficacy of the PARP inhibitor rucaparib in patients with recurrent ovarian cancers

Genome-wide ancestry profiles of four individuals, dating to 8,000 and 3,000 years before present, from the archaeological site of Shum Laka (Cameroon) shed light on the deep population history of sub-Saharan Africa.

Epithelial subpopulations are present in the human breast but how these differentiate or form is unclear. Here, the authors use single-cell RNA sequencing of primary human breast epithelial cells to define previously undescribed luminal, basal epithelial subpopulations and ZEB1-positive basal cells.

The EMDataResource Ligand Model Challenge aimed at assessing the reliability and reproducibility of modeling ligands bound to protein and protein–nucleic acid complexes in cryo-EM maps determined at near-atomic resolution. This analysis presents the results and recommends best practices for assessing cryo-EM structures of liganded macromolecules.

Around 10% of high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas (HGSOC) harbor BRCA1 promoter methylation, but it is uncertain how it predicts response to PARP inhibition. Here, the authors show that homozygous BRCA1 methylation predicts response to rucaparib while heterozygous methylation of BRCA1 predicts resistance in HGSOC.