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This study introduces the Lipid Nanoparticle Database (LNPDB) and web tool that consolidates lipid nanoparticle structure-function data. LNPDB facilitates molecular dynamics and deep learning approaches to advance data-driven design for nucleic acid delivery.

A systematic statistical genetics approach discovers CES drivers as hotspots of human de novo mutation and shows that clonal expansions in germline may both modulate the prevalence of disorders and lead to false-positive disease associations.

3D printing can be used to manufacture composite materials, but to modify material properties multiple feedstocks are required. Here the authors modify printing temperature or light intensity to modify the material properties and achieve property differentiation from a single feedstock.

Post-fast refeeding increases intestinal stem cell function and tumour formation by augmenting protein synthesis via polyamine metabolism.

Here the authors spatially map human pediatric low-grade gliomas using imaging mass cytometry, focusing on immunosuppressive myeloid cell populations and their functionality in tumor–immune interactions and tumor progression.

A deep-learning method designs lipid nanoparticles that deliver mRNA to the ferret lung.

Roulette enables the estimation of germline mutation rates at basepair resolution from humans. Genes encoding small nuclear RNA showed significant deviations from the mutation rate predicted by Roulette, highlighting RNA polymerase III (Pol III)-dependent transcription as a potent source of mutations in the human genome.

A technique using barcoded beads for DNA sequencing within tissue sections enables spatial resolution of tumour clonal heterogeneity and can be multiplexed with other analytical techniques for analysis of complex cellular phenotypes.

Analyses of genome and exome sequencing data identify rare coding and structural variants associated with atrial fibrillation and highlight genetic links between atrial fibrillation and cardiomyopathies.

Common polygenic variation at chromosome 16p and rare recurrent deletions of 16p11.2 influencing autism risk are associated with reduced expression of genes throughout the 16p region, suggesting functional convergence of rare and common variant effects.

In a phase 1b/2a trial, the combination of the oral PI3K inhibitor duvelisib and romidepsin had limited toxicity and exhibited encouraging clinical activity in patients with relapsed or refractory T cell lymphoma, suggesting an approach whereby PI3K inhibitors can be safely used in this patient population.

The beta variant (B.1.351) is to date the most resistant to neutralization of the SARS-CoV-2 variants. Using nonhuman primates, Seder and colleagues demonstrate that double vaccination with a high dose of the lipid nanoparticle vaccine mRNA-1273 protects against infection with the beta variant.

Three-dimensional DNA origami constructs can be used to deliver vaccine antigens in a multi-valent form. Here the authors design a DNA origami system for SARS-CoV-2 proteins and characterize in mice the immune response and protective capacity of generated antibodies, finding that the construct itself is not immunogenic.

Trans-ethnic genetic correlation is significantly less than 1 for many diseases. Here, the authors stratify this correlation by genomic annotations, finding that loci whose causal disease effect sizes differ between ethnicities are likely impacted by selection, particularly positive selection.

Single-nucleus and single-cell RNA sequencing plus spatial profiling with four methods of core biopsies from 60 patients with metastatic breast cancer reveal patient-specific gene expression programs of breast cancer metastases that are maintained across time, site of metastasis and spatial profiling method, with spatial phenotypes correlating with microenvironmental features.

An examination of motor cortex in humans, marmosets and mice reveals a generally conserved cellular makeup that is likely to extend to many mammalian species, but also differences in gene expression, DNA methylation and chromatin state that lead to species-dependent specializations.

Laser microdissection and microarrays are used to assess 900 precise subdivisions of the brains from three healthy men with 60,000 gene expression probes; the resulting atlas allows comparisons between humans and other animals, and will facilitate studies of human neurological and psychiatric diseases.

Production of oxidized biomass is necessary to support cancer cell proliferation. In this work, Li et al. provide a quantitative analysis of the cellular needs and biochemical bottlenecks in lipid biosynthesis arising from the requirement to regenerate the cofactor NAD⁺.

Collins et al. bridge neuroscience and natural language to describe how the structure-function relationship varies by specific region and function in the human brain, offering insight into the diversity and evolution of neural network properties.

Lien et al. show that low glycemic diets can reduce tumour growth by deregulating lipid metabolism.

A single-cell atlas of white adipose tissue from mouse and human reveals diverse cell types and similarities and differences across species and dietary conditions.

A single-cell atlas of the developing mouse cortex provides a temporal and spatial assessment of the molecular logic that drives the establishment and organization of cortical cell types.

This Perspective explores the challenges and future directions in the world of human tumor microbiome research.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in mice induces loss of adipose tissue through altered function of the exocrine pancreas, and supplementing pancreatic enzymes attenuates the wasting of peripheral tissues induced by pancreatic cancer.

This study presents the results of the second round of the Critical Assessment of Metagenome Interpretation challenges (CAMI II), which is a community-driven effort for comprehensively benchmarking tools for metagenomics data analysis.

Chidley et al. report a CRISPR interference/activation screening platform to systematically interrogate the contribution of nutrient transporters to support cancer cell proliferation in environments of variable composition.

This Review provides an overview of existing studies using single-cell technologies to provide insights over the immune responses and molecular mechanisms at work in COVID-19.

An anthrax-causing agent, Bacillus cereus biovar anthracis, is a persistent and widespread cause of death for a broad range of mammalian hosts in a tropical rainforest, with important implications for the conservation of mammals such as chimpanzees.

Peptides are small yet versatile building blocks of biomaterials. This Comment highlights recent progress in the design of liquid-like microdroplets, or coacervates, based on peptides and produced through liquid–liquid phase separation. This emerging platform holds promise as efficacious delivery vehicles for multi-purpose biomedical applications.

The Impact of Genomic Variation on Function Consortium is combining single-cell mapping, genomic perturbations and predictive modelling to investigate relationships between human genomic variation, genome function and phenotypes and will provide an open resource to the community.

Recent immunotherapy approaches have focused on antibodies that block immune checkpoints, and these approaches have produced significant clinical responses in melanoma, lung cancer and kidney cancer. The authors of this Review briefly review the basic immunology underlying an antitumour immune response, and discuss the most relevant clinical trial results in these three tumour types.

This Opinion discusses the effects of dietary factors on tumour growth and progression through changes in nutrient availability and metabolism, proposing an experimental framework for the investigation of the connections between diet and tumour metabolism.