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The oxyhalogenation of methane to mono-halogenated products CH₃X (X = Cl, Br, or I) is among the most promising routes for methane utilization, yet current catalysts still suffer from limited product yields. Here, the authors report a CeO₂ nanorod catalyst with atomically dispersed Pd and Mn surface sites, which achieves highly efficient and selective methane oxychlorination.

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

In this contribution, the electrocatalytic hydrogen oxidation activity and CO resistance capability of Pt clusters are enhanced through the combination of the electron delocalization effect, which allows W3O/WC to share electrons with Pt clusters, and the oxygen spillover effect.

The direct conversion of low alkane-like ethane into high-value chemicals has posed a significant challenge. Herein, the authors successfully accomplish a one-step conversion of ethane to C2 oxygenates using a Rh single-atom catalyst under mild conditions.

While splitting water could provide a renewable way to produce fuel, highly active catalysts are needed to overcome water oxidation’s sluggish kinetics. Here, authors gain atomic-level insight on metal ion synergetic interactions that boost water oxidation performances in co-doped nickel hydroxide.

Rhodium catalysts confined in zeolite pores exhibit high regioselectivity in the hydroformylation process of propene to high-value n-butanal, surpassing the performance of all heterogeneous and most homogeneous catalysts developed so far.

Flexible thermogalvanic device provides a sustainable platform for body heat harvesting, but its performance is limited by low energy conversion efficiency and poor mechanical strength. The authors report a flexible thermogalvanic armor with a Carnot-relative efficiency of 8.53% and strong mechanical toughness.

Water plays a key role in electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction, but the role of catalyst in water management is unknown. Here, the authors report the importance of catalyst in determining the function of water and demonstrate that the catalyst containing Cu⁺ promotes water activation and C₂₊ formation.

Zhong et al report sodium-promoted metallic Ru nanoparticles for the direct production of olefins from syngas with ultrahigh carbon efficiency where the total selectivity of undesired CH₄ and CO₂ is suppressed to only 5% for over 500 hours on stream.

Understanding the structures of interfacial active sites is crucial in heterogeneous catalysis. Here the authors demonstrate that a ZrO₂-Ru interface site significantly enhances reactivity in the Fischer-Tropsch to olefins process by altering the H-assisted CO dissociation route due to the presence of hydroxy species associated with Zr-OH*.

Scalable synthesis of stable Cu clusters for heterogeneous catalysis is still a major challenge. Here the authors report a low-temperature atomic diffusion approach for synthesis of stable Cu cluster catalysts, which exhibit high yield of intermediate product in consecutive hydrogenation reactions.

Electrocatalytic reduction of CO₂ into multicarbon (C₂₊) products is a highly attractive route for CO₂ utilization. Now, a fluorine-modified copper catalyst is shown to achieve current densities of 1.6 A cm⁻² with a C₂₊ Faradaic efficiency of 80% for electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction in a flow cell.

CO₂ conversion to liquid fuels provides an appealing means to remove the greenhouse gas, although it is challenging to find materials that are both active and selective. Here, authors show sulfur-doped indium to be a highly active and selective electrocatalyst that transforms CO₂ into formate.