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Here, the authors show that Intracortical recordings in human motor cortex during attempted multi-finger movements reveal a largely linear code with two violations: magnitude normalization and greater shifts in tuning direction for weakly represented fingers.

This collaborative realist review examines evidence for the use of remote measurement technologies for depression in young people, to inform future research and practice.

An array of approximately 300 different carbohydrate structures from select gut bacteria was generated and probed with mouse and rabbit IgG samples. The binding results indicate that galectins 3, 4 and 8 of the innate immune system can recognize certain microbes only if they express self-like antigens.

Aldehydes are common intermediates in enzymatic pathways, but their high reactivity can make them difficult to observe. Here, the authors study the mechanism of aldehyde deactivation in a dehydrogenase, showing a key E/Zisomerization and observing a thiohemiacetal intermediate by crystal structure analysis.

A genome-wide association study including over 76,000 individuals with schizophrenia and over 243,000 control individuals identifies common variant associations at 287 genomic loci, and further fine-mapping analyses highlight the importance of genes involved in synaptic processes.

Volumetric functional imaging is widely used for recording neuron activities in vivo for many experimental organisms. Here the authors report supervised deep-denoising methods for improved whole-brain imaging, large field-of-view imaging in freely moving animals, and recovering complex neurite structures in C. elegans.

There are currently no approved treatments for Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus (CCHFV) infection. In this study, the authors structurally characterize the epitope targeted by protective non-neutralizing mouse and human antibodies and provide insights into their broad range potential against various CCHFV strains.

Multimodal results (iEEG, fMRI and MEG) of predictions from integrated information theory and global neuronal workspace theory align with some predictions of both theories on visual consciousness, but also critically challenge key tenets of both theories.

The Russian invasion of Ukraine has affected the global economy, environment, and political order. Here, the authors show that it also coincided with a temporary decline in psychological well-being across Europe.

Ma et al. combine forecasts for influenza-like disease and COVID-19 to model scenarios where these diseases co-exist. They demonstrate that pooling information about influenza-like disease and COVID-19 improves forecasting models compared to individual models for either disease.

Single-cell characterization and perturbation of neurons is critical for revealing the structure-function relationship of brain cells. Here the authors develop a robot that performs single-cell electroporation and extracellular electrophysiology and can be used for performingin vivosingle-cell experiments in deep brain tissues optically difficult to access.

Add some noise, and many dynamic systems respond to weak signals more strongly. Some sort of threshold process was thought to be necessary for this effect, but a new model removes the restriction.

Some tips for PhD students.

Over 170 susceptibility loci have been identified by genome-wide association studies in breast cancer. Here, the authors interrogated the role of risk-associated variants from non-breast tissue, and using expression quantitative trait loci, identify potential target genes of known breast cancer susceptibility variants, as well as 11 regions not previously known to be associated with breast cancer risk.

A pulsed illumination scheme renders stimulated Brillouin microscopy less phototoxic and allows imaging of the mechanical properties of sensitive samples such as single cells, Caenorhabditis elegans embryos, zebrafish larvae and organoids.

Isolation and optimization of antibodies targeting the malaria parasite may offer the potential for immediate protection as a prophylactic intervention to prevent severe disease.

Using ecological monetary assessment, this study presents findings from idiographic models built to predict suicidal ideation in individuals after psychiatric hospitalization.

The death of George Floyd in 2020 sparked intense emotion, and increased recognition of the need to take active measures in matters of race within science and academia. This piece considers the field’s immediate actions with regard to Black representation at neuroscience conferences, and whether we are rising to the occasion in an area under our control.

Here, the authors combine machine learning with phylogenetic modeling to assess the impact of 39 abiotic and biotic drivers on Cactaceae evolution. They suggest that cactus diversification was promoted by moderate, rather than extreme climates, as well as soil characteristics and plant size.

Personalized medicine requires accurate and ethnicity-optimized reference genome panels. Here, the Consortium on Asthma among African-ancestry Populations in the Americas (CAAPA) evaluates typical variant filters and existing genome databases against newly sequenced African-ancestry populations.

At Nature Reviews Urology, we have pledged to strive towards improving diversity in our field. As a step towards this goal, this Viewpoint presents the experiences of 10 Black urologists. Their stories illustrate the importance of perseverance and emphasize the essential role of community and mentorship to raise up our peers and colleagues, to support and encourage Black urologists and lead to a more diverse field of urology in the future.

Following a wide-ranging review of studies, reports and policies about nature’s multiple values, combinations of values-centred approaches are proposed to improve valuation of nature, address barriers to uptake in decision-making, and make transformative changes towards more just and sustainable futures.

Diversity in medical fields is beneficial to both clinicians and patients, and Nature Reviews Urology is committed to improving the diversity of our specialty and supporting Black and under-represented minority urologists. In this Viewpoint, 12 medical students who are embarking on a career in urology describe their reasons for choosing the specialty, explain what they think can be done to increase the number of Black urologists, and describe what has led them to apply to specific programmes.

A reliable charging infrastructure is critical to wider adoption of electric cars. With large-scale social data and machine intelligence, this study shows the importance of the quality, not just the quantity, of charging stations to consumers, suggesting policy design should include consumer data.

The chemical honokiol is found in the bark of magnolia trees, which are used for traditional medicine in Asian countries. Here, Pillai et al, show honokiol protects the heart from hypertrophic remodelling in mice, and even reverses established cardiac hypertrophy, by activating the deacetylase Sirt3.

Artificial intelligence has become popular as a cancer classification tool, but there is distrust of such systems due to their lack of transparency. Here, the authors develop an explainable AI system which produces text- and region-based explanations alongside its classifications which was assessed using clinicians’ diagnostic accuracy, diagnostic confidence, and their trust in the system.

The US public expresses a range of concerns about solar geoengineering, with 20 percent of survey respondents stating that it is partly or completely true that the government is using atmospheric chemicals to counteract global warming, according to an analysis using mixed methods.

Here the authors show that differentiation of hESCs into pancreatic cells involves changes in CTCF loops by alteration of pioneer factor recruitment, histone modifications, and DNA methylation, leading to changes in enhancer-promoter interactions and gene expression.

Language models have become an essential part of the burgeoning field of artificial intelligence (AI) psychology. I discuss 14 methodological considerations that can be used to design more robust, generalizable studies that evaluate the cognitive abilities of language-based AI systems, as well as to accurately interpret the results of these studies.

The sulfur-reducing enzyme MBS and the hydrogen-gas evolving MBH are the evolutionary link between the ancestor Mrp antiporter and the mitochondrial respiratory complex I. Here, the authors characterise MBS from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus, solve its cryo-EM structure and discuss the structural evolution from Mrp to MBH and MBS and to the modern-day complex I.

Chiea Chuen Khor, Tin Aung, Francesca Pasutto, Janey Wiggs and colleagues report a global genome-wide association study of exfoliation syndrome and a fine-mapping analysis of a previously identified disease-associated locus, LOXL1. They identify a rare protective variant in LOXL1 exclusive to the Japanese population and five new common variant susceptibility loci.

The US COVID-19 Scenario Modeling Hub produced medium to long term projections based on different epidemic scenarios. In this study, the authors evaluate 14 rounds of projections by comparing them to the epidemic trajectories that occurred, and discuss lessons learned for future similar projects.

The harvesting of electrical energy from renewable sources remains an ongoing scientific focus. Here, the authors report a triboelectric generator that is capable of harnessing energy from the wind via a flutter motion, with the output of the device dependent on the precise motion caused by the wind.

The proteome of the malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum has an overabundance of aggregation-prone asparagine repeat-containing proteins. Muralidharan et al. show that PlasmodiumHsp110 protein potently prevents aggregation of asparagine-rich proteins, thereby allowing the parasite to survive febrile episodes.

Evolution of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation through the Holocene remains uncertain. Here, via fully coupled model simulations, the authors show that increased Saharan vegetation and reduced dust emissions 6 kyr BP significantly affect ENSO variability through changes in the West African Monsoon strength.

Across 46 proglacial landscapes worldwide, environmental properties and biodiversity have shown complex patterns of change since glaciers retreated.

Ageing increases the risk of many diseases. Here the authors compare blood cell transcriptomes of over 14,000 individuals and identify a set of about 1,500 genes that are differently expressed with age, shedding light on transcriptional programs linked to the ageing process and age-associated diseases.

Human dispersal of wild plants has received limited attention. Here, the authors combine ecological surveys and ethnographic observations to examine how Martu Aboriginal people’s seed dispersal and landscape burning impact plant distribution.

In Pyrococcus furiosus, histones bind and bend DNA to enable integration of new spacer fragments into CRISPR loci.