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An exosome-eluting stent improves vascular healing and reduces the rate of in-stent restenosis compared with either bare-metal stents or drug-eluting stents, according to a new study published in Nature Biomedical Engineering.

In the NOTION-3 trial, percutaneous coronary intervention reduced the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events compared with conservative treatment in patients who were undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation for severe aortic stenosis and who had stable coronary artery disease.

The functional relevance of age-related variation in DNA methylation is unclear. Here, Reynolds et al. analyze how patterns of genome-wide gene expression and DNA methylation data vary with age in circulating monocytes and T cells, and report age-associated methylation signals that are correlated with cis-gene expression and vascular aging.

A study generates a clinicogenomics dataset resource, MSK-CHORD, that combines natural language processing-derived clinical annotations with patient medical data from various sources to improve models of cancer outcome.

Activation of a specific set of vagal sensory neurons connecting the ventricular wall of the heart to the area postrema in the brainstem causes mice to faint. This finding defines a cardiac reflex that recapitulates characteristics of human syncope.

The BRAIN Initiative Cell Census Network has constructed a multimodal cell census and atlas of the mammalian primary motor cortex in a landmark effort towards understanding brain cell-type diversity, neural circuit organization and brain function.

Biological polymeric matrices often use molecular anchors, such as antibodies, to trap nanoparticulates. Here, the authors find that anchor-matrix bonds that are weak and short-lived confer superior trapping potency, contrary to the prevailing belief that effective molecular anchors should form strong bonds to both the matrix and the nanoparticulates.

In failing cardiomyocytes, depletion of carnitine acetyltransferase promotes cholesterol catabolism via the bile acid synthesis pathway. The intracellular accumulation of bile acid intermediates induces the release of mitochondrial DNA into the cytosol, triggering type I interferon responses and AIM2 inflammasome activation, thereby contributing to chronic myocardial inflammation and heart failure progression.

In the AEGIS-II trial, infusion of apolipoprotein A-I to increase cholesterol efflux capacity did not improve outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

Data from the phase IIb MUIR and ARCHES-2 trials show that RNA interference approaches that target either apolipoprotein C-III or ANGPTL3 significantly reduce plasma triglyceride levels in patients with mixed hyperlipidaemia.

Artificial intelligence algorithms applied to electrocardiograms recorded by smartwatches can identify individuals with left ventricular dysfunction.

Molecular and oscillations are common in biology, but periodic cell migrations have not been observed. Fraleyet al. report regular, periodic migrations of cells along tracks generated inside 3D matrices, and show that these 1D oscillations are controlled by zyxin and its binding partners α-actinin and p130Cas.

The molecular mechanisms mediating the impact of environmental factors in atherosclerosis are unclear. Here, the authors examine CD14+ blood monocyte’s transcriptome and epigenome signatures to find differential methylation and expression of ARID5B to be associated with human atherosclerosis.

The stretch-activated, calcium-permeable Piezo1 channel is the mechanosensor that transduces cardiomyocyte stretch into the biochemical signalling pathway that leads to cardiac hypertrophy in mice.

Researchers have engineered a millimetre-scale, bioresorbable, optoelectronic system that can be minimally invasively implanted into the heart and wirelessly controlled by a light source on the surface of the skin to provide temporary cardiac pacing.

A genome-wide association study of critically ill patients with COVID-19 identifies genetic signals that relate to important host antiviral defence mechanisms and mediators of inflammatory organ damage that may be targeted by repurposing drug treatments.

FlyWire presents a neuronal wiring diagram of the whole fly brain with annotations for cell types, classes, nerves, hemilineages and predicted neurotransmitters, with data products and an open ecosystem to facilitate exploration and browsing.

Treatment for periodontal disease might reduce the recurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients undergoing ablation, suggesting that periodontitis is a modifiable risk factor for AF.

According to data from the IMPROVE-HCM trial, ninerafaxstat is well tolerated by patients with symptomatic non-obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and improves exercise performance among those who are most symptomatically limited.

In the REDUCE-AMI trial, the use of β-blockers in patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI) who have undergone early coronary angiography and have a preserved left ventricular ejection fraction did not reduce the risk of death or new MI compared with no β-blocker use.

Two studies indicate that a reduction in body mass index as a result of either bariatric surgery or pharmacological therapy is associated with a blood pressure-lowering effect.

An antibody-based therapy for transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy is safe, and initial findings from a phase I trial suggest that it might deplete amyloid deposits in the heart.

Multiple treatment-emergent alterations appear in patients with advanced-stage cancer who were treated with a KRAS inhibitor.

A screen of nutrient-derived compounds identified trans-vaccenic acid as a promoter of effector T cell function, and functional assays demonstrate that this occurs via inactivation of GPR43 on T cells.

In a prospective international cohort of 1,127 patients with non-small-cell lung cancer and ctDNA-guided therapy, ctDNA detection was associated with shorter survival, independently of clinicopathologic features and metabolic tumor volume.

Doil Choi and colleagues report the genome sequence of the hot pepper, Capsicum annuum, as well as the resequencing of two cultivated peppers and a wild species, Capsicum chinense. Comparative genomic analysis across Solanaceae provides insights into genome expansion, pungency, ripening and disease resistance in hot peppers.

MK-0616, an oral inhibitor of PCSK9, safely and effectively lowers plasma levels of LDL cholesterol in a dose-dependent manner in patients with hypercholesterolaemia.

Results from the MONITOR-HF trial show that remote monitoring of pulmonary artery pressure using the implantable CardioMEMS sensor in patients with chronic heart failure improves quality of life and reduces hospitalizations.

Power grids often fail during extreme weather events such as hurricanes, leaving millions of customers without electricity. A large-scale analysis of the operation of power grids in an extended geographical area now reveals that such events exacerbate vulnerabilities that are obscured during normal operation.

In the ORBITA-2 trial, percutaneous coronary intervention was associated with a lower angina symptom score compared with a placebo procedure in patients with stable angina who were receiving minimal or no antianginal medication.

Whole-genome alignment of 239 primate species reveals noncoding regulatory elements that are under selective constraint in primates but not in other placental mammals, that are enriched for variants that affect human gene expression and complex traits in diseases.

Data from the ARIES-HM3 trial show that excluding aspirin from the antithrombotic regimen in patients with advanced heart failure and a left ventricular assist device reduces the number of bleeding events and does not increase the risk of thromboembolism.

SARS-CoV-2 infects macrophages, especially lipid-laden foam cells, in coronary atherosclerotic plaques in patients with COVID-19; this infection initiates a strong proatherogenic inflammatory response, which might contribute to the ischaemic cardiovascular complications in these patients.

According to data from the COP-AF trial, anti-inflammatory therapy with colchicine does not reduce the risk of perioperative atrial fibrillation or myocardial injury in patients undergoing major non-cardiac thoracic surgery.