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The functional significance of the observed heterogeneity of androgen receptor (AR) expression in prostate cancer is unknown. Here the authors show AR expression heterogeneity is associated with distinct castration/enzalutamide responses and identify BCL-2 as a potential therapeutic target in castration-resistant prostate cancer.

A new Burden of Proof meta-analytic method that accounts for between-study heterogeneity and corrects for bias between different study designs is used to interpret the strength of evidence between different pairs of risk factors and health outcomes.

MK-0616, an oral inhibitor of PCSK9, safely and effectively lowers plasma levels of LDL cholesterol in a dose-dependent manner in patients with hypercholesterolaemia.

Results from the MONITOR-HF trial show that remote monitoring of pulmonary artery pressure using the implantable CardioMEMS sensor in patients with chronic heart failure improves quality of life and reduces hospitalizations.

In the ORBITA-2 trial, percutaneous coronary intervention was associated with a lower angina symptom score compared with a placebo procedure in patients with stable angina who were receiving minimal or no antianginal medication.

Data from the ARIES-HM3 trial show that excluding aspirin from the antithrombotic regimen in patients with advanced heart failure and a left ventricular assist device reduces the number of bleeding events and does not increase the risk of thromboembolism.

SARS-CoV-2 infects macrophages, especially lipid-laden foam cells, in coronary atherosclerotic plaques in patients with COVID-19; this infection initiates a strong proatherogenic inflammatory response, which might contribute to the ischaemic cardiovascular complications in these patients.

According to data from the COP-AF trial, anti-inflammatory therapy with colchicine does not reduce the risk of perioperative atrial fibrillation or myocardial injury in patients undergoing major non-cardiac thoracic surgery.

The use of intravenous levothyroxine does not increase the likelihood of hearts being transplanted from haemodynamically unstable, brain-dead potential donors, suggesting that current practice recommendations should be revised.

New data from the ECLS-SHOCK trial and a meta-analysis indicate that the routine use of venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation does not increase survival in patients with myocardial infarction-related cardiogenic shock.

Pemafibrate, a selective PPARα modulator, lowers plasma triglyceride levels but does not reduce the rate of major adverse cardiovascular events in patients already treated with optimal statin therapy, according to data from the PROMINENT trial.

Inhibition of fatty acid metabolism to promote oxidation of glycolysis-derived pyruvate promotes cardiomyocyte proliferation and improves left ventricular function after myocardial infarction.

Researchers have developed a triboelectric nanogenerator that can harvest biomechanical energy from the motion of the heart and thereby power an implanted pacemaker.

EZH2 and EED are components of the Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), a ‘writer’ complex involved in histone methylation. A stapled peptide that disrupts the EZH2-EED interaction arrests growth in PRC2-dependent leukemia cells and offers an alternative mode for EZH2 inhibition.

Humanized mouse models are useful for studies of human hematopoiesis and immunity. Li et al. report an improved model that harbors lymph nodes and therefore permits investigation of local human adaptive immune processes in secondary lymphoid tissue.

Tissue engineered heart muscle implanted on to the epicardium can structurally and functionally remuscularize the failing hearts of rhesus macaques, with no major adverse effects; a clinical trial of this approach is now underway in patients with heart failure.

Researchers have engineered a wearable device that adheres to the skin and uses ultrasound imaging and a deep learning model to produce a dynamic, real-time assessment of cardiac function.

In the CLEAR Outcomes trial, bempedoic acid lowered plasma LDL-cholesterol levels and reduced the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events in individuals who were intolerant to statin therapy.

A legally mandated preparticipation screening programme for all young people in Italy engaging in competitive sports has resulted in a very low rate of sports-related cardiac arrest and sudden cardiac death.

A wrist-worn, transdermal sensor can be used to measure plasma levels of cardiac troponin I, potentially facilitating the diagnosis of myocardial infarction.

Testosterone-replacement therapy in men with hypogonadism and a high risk of cardiovascular disease does not increase the risk of adverse cardiac events, according to data from the TRAVERSE trial.

Hyperphosphorylation of tau in the heart reduces the tyrosination of microtubules, leading to myocardial stiffness and heart failure. This novel mechanism of diastolic dysfunction parallels the aggregation of tau in the brain that leads to Alzheimer disease and might be amenable to treatment using monoclonal antibodies against tau.

In the Evolut Low Risk study, transcatheter aortic valve implantation in low-risk patients with severe aortic stenosis compared favourably with surgical aortic valve replacement in terms of all-cause mortality or disabling stroke at 3 years.

Openshaw and colleagues find myeloid inflammation and complement activation signatures in patients with long COVID who were previously hospitalized.

The combination of oral anticoagulation and the antiplatelet drug clopidogrel increases the risk of bleeding after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) compared with oral anticoagulation alone, according to the results of the POPular TAVI trial cohort B.

Cardiac pacing that restores heart rate variability in the form of respiratory sinus arrhythmia improves outcomes in a sheep model of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.

The results of two early-phase trials of novel lipid-lowering agents targeting ANGPTL3 and lipoprotein(a) might help to combat the residual risk of cardiovascular events in patients treated with statins and/or PCSK9 inhibitors to lower LDL-cholesterol levels.

A subpopulation of cardiac-resident macrophages protect the heart against sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy by scavenging dysfunctional mitochondria ejected from cardiomyocytes; modulation or administration of these macrophages might be a potential therapeutic strategy.

Prostaglandins PGE1 and PGA1 have neuroprotective effects by enhancing the transcriptional activity of Nurr1 by directly binding to its ligand-binding domain and upregulating their target genes implicated in Parkinson’s disease.

According to the TIME trial, patients can take standard antihypertensive medications either in the morning or in the evening, because the timing of therapy has no significant effect on major cardiovascular outcomes.

Adding remnant cholesterol levels to traditional risk scores for ischaemic heart disease and myocardial infarction improves the accuracy of individual risk stratification.

Extravascular implantable cardioverter–defibrillators are safe and effective at detecting and terminating ventricular arrhythmias induced at the time of implantation.

A new meta-analysis indicates that statin therapy causes a small excess of mostly mild muscle pain and that this risk is outweighed by the known cardiovascular benefits of treatment.