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Electron shuttle-mediated extracellular electron transfer (EET) is most critical in determining the efficiency of chemical-to-power of exoelectrogens. Here, the authors show that addition of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid at ~80 µM leads to the improved power generation in Shewenella oneidensis MR-1.

No method exists for real-time evaluation of the status of spinal implants. Here, the authors developed a bio-adhesive metal detector array (BioMDA) that provides a wearable, non-invasive solution for positional analyses of osseous implants within the spine.

The general photocrosslinking of semiconducting polymers is limited by efficiency and semiconductor property degradation. Here, the authors show that fluorinated phenyl azides can be molecularly designed to improve photolysis efficiency, and induce favourable partitioning of the crosslinker amongst the alkyl side chains of the polymer, thereby achieving high crosslinking efficiency without diminishing semiconducting properties.

In proliferative retinopathies, pathological vessels replace healthy ones, impairing vision. Here, the authors show that reprogramming the metabolic environment of retinal blood vessels from fatty acid oxidation to glycolysis promotes healthy revascularization and improves vision in proliferative retinopathy.

Acidic CO₂ electroreduction is carbon efficient but suffers from low energy efficiency and selectivity. Here an interfacial cation matrix is developed to enrich alkali cations and increase the local pH at a Cu–Ag catalyst surface, improving efficiency. A 45% CO₂-to-ethanol Faradaic efficiency and 15% energy efficiency for ethanol production are achieved.

Cooperative species of extrachromosomal DNAs are coordinately inherited through mitotic co-segregation.

Macrophages drive inflammation associated with severe COVID-19 but it is less clear whether they can be infected. Here, the authors show efficient antibody-mediated infection of primary macrophages by SARS-CoV-2, leading to cell fusion, de novo virus production and a potent cytokine response.

Pollen apertures, the special areas on the surfaces of pollen grains that allow pollen tube emergence, show enormous diversity of patterns across plant species. Now a species-specific module formed by two DOG1-domain proteins is identified to control the formation of pollen apertures in flowering plants.

In the carbon dioxide (CO₂) to multicarbon electrolysis, the crossover CO₂ to the oxygen-rich anodic gas stream add a further energy-intensive chemical separation step. Here, the authors demonstrate a bipolar membrane-based electrolyzer design that eliminates the crossover CO2.

From 1980 to 2018, the levels of total and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreased in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe.

Proteome mapping of tissues is crucial for phenotypic characterization of tissue heterogeneity and microenvironment within spatial context. Here the authors report a robust, easy-to-use single voxel proteomics technique for deep proteome mapping of tissues and profiling of regions of interest.

Selective inhibitors of protein methyltransferases are anticancer drug candidates. Yu et al. report the structural changes that occur when selective inhibitors bind to the protein methyltransferase DOT1L.

Su et al. report that while METTL16 acts as an m⁶A writer in the nucleus, it exerts an m⁶A-independent function in the cytosol, where it facilitates translation through direct interactions with ribosomal RNAs and eukaryotic initiation factors 3a and -b.

The signaling mechanisms regulating adipose thermogenesis have not been fully elucidated. Here, the authors show that a brown fat-enriched adipokine ADISSP promotes adipose thermogenesis and improves metabolic health independently of b-adrenergic receptor.

Solar cells based on 3D/2D perovskite heterostructures show promising performance, but ion diffusion limits the device stability. Now Luo et al. suppress ion diffusion by inserting a cross-linked polymer between the 2D and 3D layers, improving the operational stability.

Here, the authors design a microcavity-confined 2D heterojunction to realize the strong coupling among donor exciton, acceptor exciton, and cavity photon mode, leading to an unconventional energy transfer via polariton relaxation with an enhancement factor of ~440.

Cyprinids fish species contain multiple subgenomes as a result of past duplications. Here, Xu et al. report new genomes of 21 cyprinid fish and conclude that observed subgenome dominance patterns are likely due to both maternal dominance and transposable element densities in each polyploid.

Lithium-ion intercalation of bilayer graphene is shown to proceed via four distinct stages corresponding to different ordered in-plane arrangements of Li ions, commensurate with the underlying graphene lattices in both AA and AB stacking configurations.

The electrosynthesis of CO via integrated capture and conversion of dilute CO₂ suffers from low energy efficiency. Here, the authors report an amino acid salt-based system that employs a single-atom catalyst and operates at an elevated temperature and pressure, which enables efficient CO production.

The authors reveal that stabilization of PYL dimer can relieve ABA-induced inhibition of seed germination using a computationally designed compound DBSA. Crystal structure and other experiments show that DBSA selectively binds to the dimeric PYL.

Strontium isotope analysis can be applied to animal and plant tissues to help determine their provenance. Here, the authors generate a strontium isoscape of sub-Saharan Africa using data from 2266 environmental samples and demonstrate its efficacy by tracing the African roots of individuals from historic slavery contexts.

Oxygen reduction to hydrogen peroxide is a promising alternative to replace the energy-intensive anthraquinone process in industry. Now, the hydrogen peroxide electrosynthesis performance of a carbon-supported cobalt phthalocyanine catalyst is tuned via the introduction of oxygen functional groups to the support, which optimize the electronic structure of cobalt active sites.

Cortex morphology varies with age, cognitive function, and in neurological and psychiatric diseases. Here the authors report 160 genome-wide significant associations with thickness, surface area and volume of the total cortex and 34 cortical regions from a GWAS meta-analysis in 22,824 adults.

White matter hyperintensities are linked to cortical atrophy, a key feature in dementia. Here, the authors identify loci associated with cortical atrophy related to white matter hyperintensities, which involve vascular and neuronal processes.

Metal borides/borates are promising candidates to become high-performance alkaline oxygen evolution reaction catalysts. This study reports an in-situ phase composition modulation approach to fabricate boride/borate-based catalysts.

The development of a tandem catalyst, consisting of two distinct nanoscale-engineered layers, enables efficient multicarbon production with high CO₂ utilization in an acidic CO₂ electroreduction environment.

Colloidal perovskite quantum dots hold promise for polaritonic devices with strong excitonic confinement. Here the authors report the observation of room-temperature cavity exciton-polariton condensation in a perovskite-based quantum dot solid, opening the door towards quantum and photonics applications.

In patients with advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), sitravatinib (tyrosine kinase inhibitor) has shown efficacy both alone and in combination with nivolumab (anti-PD-1). Here, the authors investigate triplet combination of sitravatinib with nivolumab and ipilimumab (anti-CTLA4) in patients with metastatic ccRCC and longitudinal single-cell transcriptomic analysis.

Despite overall warming, many regions in the Northern Hemisphere have been cooling in autumn. This cooling resulted in an increasing release of net CO₂ 2004–2018 as primary production decreased more than respiration in cooling and respiration increased more than production in warming areas.

Achieving propagating topological exciton polaritons at room temperature is challenging. Here, the authors demonstrate room-temperature valley-polarized topological polaritons with valley-dependent propagation in a perovskite lattice formed by two mutually inverted honeycomb lattices with a bearded interface.

Here the authors show that immune cell exclusion and immunosuppression in the melanoma microenviromment are driven by nerve growth factor interactions with tropomyosin receptor kinase A on melanoma cells and that a tropomyosin receptor kinase inhibitor can sensitize these tumors to immune checkpoint blockade.

Bilayer graphene (BLG) is promising for optoelectronic applications due to its tunable bandgap, but its large-area growth on Cu substrates is still challenging. Here, the authors demonstrate the fast synthesis of high-coverage meter-scale BLG on commercial Cu foils by introducing CO₂ during the growth.

Binding of T cell receptors (TCR) to peptide-loaded major histocompatibility complexes (p/MHC) leads to T-cell activation. Here the authors give structural insights into T-cell signalling and show that p/MHC binding induces conformational changes at the membrane-proximal site of the TCR.

The strength in BCC high-entropy alloys is associated with the type of mobile dislocations. Here the authors demonstrate by means of an ample array of experimental techniques that edge dislocations can control the strength of BCC high-entropy alloys.

Thus far, pleiotropy analysis using individual-level Electronic Health Records data has been limited to data from one site. Here, the authors introduce Sum-Share, a method designed to efficiently and losslessly integrate EHR and genetic data from multiple sites to perform pleiotropy analysis.

Neonatal cholestasis is a result of elevated bile acid levels, and is associated with mutations in genes regulating bile acid homeostasis. Here the authors identify mutations in the bile acid sensing farnesoid X receptor in four individuals with neonatal cholestasis from two unrelated families.

Climate warming causes earlier spring phenological events and higher risk of late spring frost damage. Here, the authors investigate the impact of late spring frosts on phenological events, finding that they delayed flowering by an average of 6 days across 640 species.

Extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) congregates in clusters called ecDNA hubs that promote intermolecular interactions between gene-regulatory regions and thereby amplify the expression of oncogenes such as MYC in cancer cell lines.

Yi et al. report that EZH2 exerts a PRC2-independent function in nucleoli, where it bridges FBL and NOP56 to facilitate rRNA methylation and subsequent IRES-dependent translation.

Lithium niobate plays an important role in integrated photonics, but its widespread application requires a reliable solution. Here, the authors present a wafer-scale approach to LNOI integration via wafer bonding to silicon nitride PICs.

Although SARS-CoV2 epitope characterization has been the focus of extensive research, these efforts have largely focused on the spike protein. Here, the authors demonstrate that CD8⁺ T cell responses can be directed against a dominant nucleocapsid epitope and rely on a highly focused T cell receptor repertoire.

The authors report the inverse effect of chiral-induced spin selectivity in an organic material.

Hepatitis C virus utilizes flavin adenine dinucleotide as a non-canonical initiating nucleotide for the viral RNA polymerase, resulting in 5′ capping of viral RNA, which provides protection against the host innate immune response.

Moisture sorption is a common occurrence in polyelectrolyte systems, but not yet fully understood. Here the authors, combining thermogravimetric analysis, vibrational spectroscopy, molecular force field and quantum chemical computations, provide insights into the binding of water in monovalent conjugated polyelectrolytes, establishing a model of the surface hydration of the ion clusters.

Realizing ultra-high work functions (UHWFs) in hole-doped polymer semiconductors remains a challenge due to water-oxidation reactions. Here, the authors determine the role of water-anion complexes in limiting the work function and develop a design strategy for realizing UHWF polymers.

A global network of researchers was formed to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity; this paper reports 13 genome-wide significant loci and potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection.

The parasite Cryptosporidium has a reduced genome and is dependent on glycolysis for energy production. Here, Xu et al demonstrate that multiple pathways and glucose transporters exist in this organism which are essential for growth and facilitate energy acquisition and utilization.