Autophagy is a bulk degradation process that takes place in specialized membrane structures, the origin of which is still unclear. An electron tomography study shows that the ER is connected to the isolation membranes that initiate autophagosome formation in mammalian cells, suggesting that the ER is the membrane source.
- Mitsuko Hayashi-Nishino
- Naonobu Fujita
- Akitsugu Yamamoto
