In this Perspectives article, the authors argue that the cells of the inflammatory infiltrate and the cytokine milieu provide multiple routes to bone destruction in inflammatory arthritis. They first summarize the physiological pathway of osteoclastogenesis, then present emerging evidence of the contribution of various cytokines and cell types to alternative pathways of osteoclast differentiation and activation.
- Iannis E. Adamopoulos
- Elizabeth D. Mellins
