Known modifiable risk factors for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) include smoking, obesity and hypertension. Moreover, a potential association between other factors such as diet, dyslipidaemia and physical activity with RCC incidence is also starting to be explored. In this Review, the authors describe the most relevant modifiable risk factors for RCC, discussing the potential implications for prevention and screening programmes.
- Riccardo Campi
- Giacomo Rebez
- Maria Carmen Mir
