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Individual memory antibodies selected over time by natural infection with SARS-CoV-2 have greater potency and breadth than antibodies elicited by vaccination, whereas the overall neutralizing potency of plasma is greater following vaccination.

A third dose of an mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 results in an expanded B cell repertoire that produces antibodies with increased potency and breadth.

Combination therapy with the anti-HIV-1 monoclonal antibodies 3BNC117 and 10-1074 maintains long-term suppression in the absence of antiretroviral therapy in individuals with antibody-sensitive viral reservoirs.

The Moderna (mRNA-1273) and Pfizer–BioNTech (BNT162b2) vaccines elicit anti-RBD antibodies similar to those elicited through natural infection with SARS-CoV-2, but their potent neutralizing activity was reduced or abolished by new viral variants of concern.

Although rare, antibodies against the receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 that showed potent antiviral activity were obtained from all tested convalescent individuals, suggesting that a vaccine designed to elicit such antibodies could be broadly effective.

Pre-existing high-affinity antibodies alter germinal centre and memory B cell selection by lowering the activation threshold for B cells and through direct masking of their cognate epitopes, thereby permitting a diverse set of abundant lower-affinity clones targeting alternate epitopes to participate in the immune response.

A clinical study shows that immunotherapy with anti-HIV-1 antibodies maintains prolonged viral suppression after anti-retroviral treatment is discontinued and affects the size and composition of the intact but not the defective proviral reservoir.

In a cohort of 87 individuals with COVID-19, the memory B cell response at 6.2 months after the onset of disease evolves in a manner that is consistent with the persistence of SARS-CoV-2 antigen.

Florian Klein and colleagues report that treating viremic HIV-1-infected individuals with the broadly neutralizing antibody 10-1074 reduced virus levels in blood, but antibody-resistant virus did emerge.

T cell responses specific for HIV-1 Gag peptides increased in HIV-positive recipients of two broadly neutralizing antibodies with prolonged suppression of blood viremia during antiretroviral treatment interruption.

Combination of two broadly neutralizing antibodies is effective in reducing HIV-1 viremia and in limiting the emergence of resistant viral variants in individuals harboring antibody-sensitive viruses.

A phase I study of passive immunization with a CD4 binding-site-directed broadly neutralizing antibody shows that it transiently reduces HIV-1 viral loads in humans.

A phase IIa clinical trial shows that the administration of the broadly neutralizing antibody 3BNC117 delays viral rebound following the discontinuation of antiretroviral therapy in patients who were chronically infected with HIV-1.