Cardiorenal syndrome comprises a heterogeneous group of acute and chronic conditions, which affect patients with combined cardiac and renal dysfunction. Although cardiorenal syndrome is widely recognized, research in this field is hampered by the lack of a universally accepted definition and limited understanding of the hierarchy of factors involved in pathogenesis of the disease. Here, the authors discuss the current understanding of cardiorenal syndrome and suggest a roadmap for future research.
- Branko Braam
- Jaap A. Joles
- Carlo A. Gaillard
