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Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

Genomic analyses applied to 14 childhood- and adult-onset psychiatric disorders identifies five underlying genomic factors that explain the majority of the genetic variance of the individual disorders.

Coupling live-cell imaging, machine learning and genomic sequencing, the MAGIC platform enables investigation of the cellular context, mutation rates and triggers of spontaneous chromosomal abnormality formation, shedding light on fundamental determinants of chromosomal instability.

Current photoproximity labelling methods often require metal-based catalysts to map protein interactomes but, owing to their toxicity, they have limited intracellular applicability. A deazaflavin cofactor has now been developed as a biocompatible alternative for diazirine activation inside living cells, offering accurate mapping of protein interactors and dynamics with excellent spatio-temporal control.

Ultrack leverages candidate segmentations from multiple algorithms and temporal consistency across time points for robust, long-term 3D segmentation in challenging samples such as densely packed zebrafish, fruit fly and nematode embryos.

What is the state of trust in scientists around the world? To answer this question, the authors surveyed 71,922 respondents in 68 countries and found that trust in scientists is moderately high.

Interact-omics, a high-throughput cytometry-based framework, resolves the cellular interaction landscape.

Solar photovoltaics is entering a multi-terawatt era, driven by decades of cost, performance and reliability gains. In this Perspective Alberi et al. discuss the role of historical and future learning, highlighting the increasing importance of sustainability considerations.

This study explores four decades of biodiversity change across the tree of life in Germany’s terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems by sequencing standardized biota samples from a long-term pollution monitoring archive.

Analysing camera-trap data of 163 mammal species before and after the onset of COVID-19 lockdowns, the authors show that responses to human activity are dependent on the degree to which the landscape is modified by humans, with carnivores being especially sensitive.

Biomolecular condensates are made of multiple components but current techniques cannot capture their complex composition quantitatively. Now it has been shown that the dense-phase binodal point defining the composition of multicomponent condensates can be inferred precisely from the intersection of a spectrometrically determined tie-line with an isorefractive line obtained from quantitative phase imaging.

Peer review information: Nature Communications thanks Shiqing Deng, and the other, anonymous, reviewer(s) for their contribution to the peer review of this work. A peer review file is available.

Federated learning (FL) algorithms have emerged as a promising solution to train models for healthcare imaging across institutions while preserving privacy. Here, the authors describe the Federated Tumor Segmentation (FeTS) challenge for the decentralised benchmarking of FL algorithms and evaluation of Healthcare AI algorithm generalizability in real-world cancer imaging datasets.

A large-scale multi-omics analysis reports oncogenic alterations that drive medulloblastoma progression, rather than initiation, and the findings show how single-cell technologies can be used for early detection and diagnosis of medulloblastoma.

Allergen specific immunotherapy (AIT) is both, safe and effective in reducing systemic symptoms of venom allergy in individuals. Here the authors examine the underlying immune cell changes after venom specific AIT in early time points after therapy initiation showing indicative changes in specific immune cell populations.

Membrane-free complex coacervate microdroplets are compelling models for primitive compartmentalization, but it is unclear how molecular co-operativity influences physicochemical properties and activity of membrane-free compartments. Here, the authors use RNA/peptide coacervates as a model to reveal the relationship between coacervate properties and ribozyme activity.

The bispecific IgG1-like CoV-X2 prevents SARS-CoV-2 spike binding to ACE2, neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 and its variants of concern, protects against disease in a mouse model, whereas the parental monoclonal antibodies generate viral escape.

On-surface synthesis is traditionally limited to 2D materials, while the extension to 3D structures has been largely elusive. Here, the authors overcome this by synthesizing a multilayer Fe-TCNQ metal–organic framework, providing atomic-scale insights and revealing distinct growth modes on different supports, opening new avenues towards 3D materials design.

The advantage of living in cities compared with rural areas with respect to height and BMI in children and adolescents has generally become smaller globally from 1990 to 2020, except in sub-Saharan Africa.

Our ability to interpret single-cell multivariate signaling responses is still limited. Here the authors introduce fractional response analysis (FRA), involving fractional cell counting, capable of deconvoluting heterogeneous multivariate responses of cellular populations.

Immunotherapy using dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccination has been exploited in the clinic for cancer treatment. Here the authors report the results of a randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial of adjuvant blood-derived DC cell-based therapy in patients with stage IIIB and IIIC melanoma.

Dewald et al. combine a non-invasive sampling approach (Lolli-Test) with an RT qPCR-pool testing strategy to screen for SARS-CoV-2 infections in children and use the method for surveillance and infection control in > 4000 school and daycare settings.

In hepatocellular carcinoma driven by non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, aberrant T cell activation and impaired immune surveillance seem to make hepatocellular carcinoma less responsive to anti-PD1 or anti-PDL1 immunotherapy.

Rare-earth ions are often crucial for the emergence of multiferroicity, yet their 4f-driven magnetic domain patterns remain elusive. Using optical second harmonic generation, the authors uncover columnar Dy/Tb domains in multiferroic Dy_0.7Tb_0.3FeO₃. The domain orientation enforces charged ferroelectric walls, underscoring the pivotal role of 4f order in shaping multiferroic domains.

Understanding structure-property relationships in emitter materials with pronounced room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) is crucial towards the design of efficient photonic applications like programmable luminescent tags. Here, the authors systematically analyze acceptor unit variations in purely organic donor-acceptor-donor RTP emitters, revealing that pronounced hybridization enhances RTP efficiency and stability.

Analyses of genomes from 914 children, adolescents, and young adults provide a comprehensive resource of genomic alterations across a spectrum of common childhood cancers.

Kim and colleagues perform a phase 2 clinical trial (ELM-2) of odronextamab monotherapy in patients with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B cell lymphoma and report on the primary analyses of the efficacy and safety profile.

Understanding the biological identity of nanoparticles has mainly focused on the hard protein corona with the soft corona largely overlooked. Here, using click-chemistry, the authors report on a capture system for the identification of the soft corona proteins and investigate the effects on cell interactions.

Analysis of snRNA genes in individuals with rare disorders identifies de novo and recurrent variants in RNU5B-1 and RNU5A-1, in addition to previously unreported cases with pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in RNU4-2.

A cross-ancestry genome-wide association meta-analysis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) including 29,612 patients with ALS and 122,656 controls identifies 15 risk loci with distinct genetic architectures and neuron-specific biology.

Activation of caged fluorophores has mostly relied on the absorption of either a single ultraviolet photon or two NIR photons. Here, the authors show that two green photons (515 nm) can substitute for a single photon ( ~ 260 nm) to activate rhodamine-based dyes, thus enabling STED imaging in thick samples.

The authors devised a new behavioral task to study cooling perception in head-fixed mice. Using whole-cell recordings from layer 2/3 neurons in the somatosensory cortex, they reveal that the same neurons that respond to mechanical stimulation of the skin also respond to its cooling. In addition, they find that both the perception of cooling and the cooling responses in S1 are eliminated in TRPM8 knockout mice.

Monkeypox virus is a pathogen with pandemic potential, encoding for its own RNA capping machinery. Here, the authors present crystal structures of its 2′-O-RNA methyltransferase VP39 in complex with sub-micromolar inhibitors and reveal similarities to SARS-CoV−2 nsp14 methyltransferase.