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This study reveals that the brain encodes handwriting in multiple dimensions. The decoding paradigm, informed by movement data from healthy individuals, captures these full dimensions to enhance the performance of brain-to-text communication.

This study reveals that some bacteria living in the phycosphere of marine diatoms and dinoflagellates are host-specific with genomic functions matching their hosts, while some termed as ‘foundation’ bacteria can span both phycosphere types.

The immune responses to SARS CoV-2 infection in children are less well understood than in adults. Here the authors characterise immune responses to newer omicron lineages and relate these to previous infection with earlier lineages of SARS-CoV-2, implicating a reduced immunogenicity from omicron variants and imprinting from previous virus strains.

Lactylation of SOD1 at lysine in nucleus pulposus cells and aggravates intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) in male rats.

Pancreatic cancer detection can be challenging, and is often diagnosed at a late stage. Here, the authors present a cfDNA-based liquid biopsy model that enables early detection and prognosis prediction of pancreatic cancer.

The authors find that the plasticity of magnesium bismuthide (α-Mg₃Bi₂) arises from helical dislocation-driven interlayer slip, and the dispersion of lightweight Mg atoms also plays a pivotal role in facilitating strain redistribution during plastic deformation.

This study explores the genomic and transcriptomic landscapes of triple-negative breast cancer in African American women. The authors show that the mutational profile is broadly similar to that observed in European and East Asian ancestry women while highlighting some interesting differences.

Zhong et al. show that the protein GP73 stimulates hepatic glucose production and is induced in response to infection with SARS-CoV-2 in vitro and in vivo, thus proposing a molecular mechanism underlying hyperglycemia associated with COVID-19.

SARS-CoV-2 infection is milder in children, but direct comparison with adults is rare. Here the authors show that immune responses are higher in children, retained for 12 months or longer and can neutralize Alpha, Beta and Delta variants.

The flagship paper of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes Consortium describes the generation of the integrative analyses of 2,658 cancer whole genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types, the structures for international data sharing and standardized analyses, and the main scientific findings from across the consortium studies.

A vaccine preventing infection and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is needed. Here, Wu et al. generate an adenovirus-vector vaccine expressing SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and show that a single dose of mucosal vaccination protects mice and ferrets from infection and inhibits virus replication in the upper respiratory tract.

Human antigen R (HuR) is a RNA-binding protein. Here the authors investigate its role in adipose tissue and find that it protects mice from diet-induced obesity, prevents adipocyte hypertrophy, and promotes lipolysis, which may at least in part be due to HuR-dependent ATGL mRNA stability regulation demonstrated in-vitro.

Designing high performance organic neuromorphic devices remains a challenge. Here, Liu et al. report the development of an organic synapse based on a semicrystalline polymer PBFCL₁₀ with device dimension of 50 nm and integration size of 1 Kb and a mixed‐signal neuromorphic hardware system based on the organic neuromatrix and FPGA controller for decision‐making tasks.

Hu et al. study the role of hexokinase 2 in microglial metabolism and function, and show its dual role under physiological and pathological conditions in a mouse model of stroke-induced neuroinflammation

Here the authors provide safety and immunogenicity data for an AdV5-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, administered intramuscularly as heterologous booster after three-doses of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in Chinese adults.

Oligomers are among the various chemical contaminants that can derive from the breakdown of microplastics and that are challenging to detect. A purposely designed platform allows detection of a large number of oligomers, providing an important step towards their risk assessment.

With the generation of large pan-cancer whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing projects, a question remains about how comparable these datasets are. Here, using The Cancer Genome Atlas samples analysed as part of the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes project, the authors explore the concordance of mutations called by whole exome sequencing and whole genome sequencing techniques.

ELD1, a CCHC-type zinc finger protein, is found to modulate alternative splicing of the core oscillator gene OsCCA1 and thereby regulate photoperiodic flowering in rice. This reveals additional links between light signaling and the circadian clock.

A smartphone-based system, designed to induce a steady gaze in children using cartoon-like video stimuli, can identify visually impaired children across a wide range of ophthalmic disorders, based on analysis of gazing behaviors and facial features.

Salmonella is a major cause of foodborne disease worldwide. Authors created a Salmonella database and present a genetic atlas of antimicrobial resistance, identifying some socioeconomic and environmental drivers for the rise of resistance globally.

As cancer is increasingly considered a metabolic disorder, it is postulated that serum metabolite profiling can be a viable approach for detecting the presence of cancer. Here, the authors report a machine learning model using mass spectrometry-based liquid biopsy data for pan-cancer screening and classification.

Understanding deregulation of biological pathways in cancer can provide insight into disease etiology and potential therapies. Here, as part of the PanCancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) consortium, the authors present pathway and network analysis of 2583 whole cancer genomes from 27 tumour types.

There’s an emerging body of evidence to show how biological sex impacts cancer incidence, treatment and underlying biology. Here, using a large pan-cancer dataset, the authors further highlight how sex differences shape the cancer genome.

Analyses of 2,658 whole genomes across 38 types of cancer identify the contribution of non-coding point mutations and structural variants to driving cancer.

In somatic cells the mechanisms maintaining the chromosome ends are normally inactivated; however, cancer cells can re-activate these pathways to support continuous growth. Here, the authors characterize the telomeric landscapes across tumour types and identify genomic alterations associated with different telomere maintenance mechanisms.

Integrative analyses of transcriptome and whole-genome sequencing data for 1,188 tumours across 27 types of cancer are used to provide a comprehensive catalogue of RNA-level alterations in cancer.

Whole-genome sequencing data from more than 2,500 cancers of 38 tumour types reveal 16 signatures that can be used to classify somatic structural variants, highlighting the diversity of genomic rearrangements in cancer.

Viral pathogen load in cancer genomes is estimated through analysis of sequencing data from 2,656 tumors across 35 cancer types using multiple pathogen-detection pipelines, identifying viruses in 382 genomic and 68 transcriptome datasets.

Analysis of cancer genome sequencing data has enabled the discovery of driver mutations. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium the authors present DriverPower, a software package that identifies coding and non-coding driver mutations within cancer whole genomes via consideration of mutational burden and functional impact evidence.

A pan-cancer genomic analysis reports the effects of structural variations on chromatin domains (TADs). Most TAD disruptions do not result in appreciable changes in expression of nearby genes.

An analysis of 2,954 genomes from 38 cancer subtypes identified 19,166 retrotransposition events in 35% of samples. Aberrant LINE-1 retrotranspositions can lead to the deletion of tumor-suppressor genes as well as the amplification of oncogenes.

Whole-genome sequencing data for 2,778 cancer samples from 2,658 unique donors across 38 cancer types is used to reconstruct the evolutionary history of cancer, revealing that driver mutations can precede diagnosis by several years to decades.

Some cancer patients first present with metastases where the location of the primary is unidentified; these are difficult to treat. In this study, using machine learning, the authors develop a method to determine the tissue of origin of a cancer based on whole sequencing data.

The authors present SVclone, a computational method for inferring the cancer cell fraction of structural variants from whole-genome sequencing data.

Many tumours exhibit hypoxia (low oxygen) and hypoxic tumours often respond poorly to therapy. Here, the authors quantify hypoxia in 1188 tumours from 27 cancer types, showing elevated hypoxia links to increased mutational load, directing evolutionary trajectories.

Multi-omics datasets pose major challenges to data interpretation and hypothesis generation owing to their high-dimensional molecular profiles. Here, the authors develop ActivePathways method, which uses data fusion techniques for integrative pathway analysis of multi-omics data and candidate gene discovery.

The characterization of 4,645 whole-genome and 19,184 exome sequences, covering most types of cancer, identifies 81 single-base substitution, doublet-base substitution and small-insertion-and-deletion mutational signatures, providing a systematic overview of the mutational processes that contribute to cancer development.

In this study the authors consider the structural variants (SVs) present within cancer cases of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium. They report hundreds of genes, including known cancer-associated genes for which the nearby presence of a SV breakpoint is associated with altered expression.

Cancers evolve as they progress under differing selective pressures. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, the authors present the method TrackSig the estimates evolutionary trajectories of somatic mutational processes from single bulk tumour data.

Predicting the properties of a molecule from its structure with high accuracy is a crucial problem in digital drug design. Instead of sequence features, Zeng and colleagues use an image representation of a large collection of bioactive molecules to pretrain a model that can be fine-tuned on specific property prediction tasks.

Verticillum wilt is an important cotton disease caused by fungal pathogen Verticillium dahiae. Here, the authors assemble the genomes of defoliating and non-defoliating isolates of the pathogen, identify virulence gene SP3, and develop a disease control strategy using polyethyleneimine-coated MXene quantum dots.

Using ultrasound to activate noninvasively specific neurons in the hypothalamus, a temporary hypothermic and hypometabolic state is induced in rodents.

Photodiodes with a spectral response that can be adjusted between the visible and infrared regimes can be used to create imaging systems that work well under a range of challenging lighting conditions.

Qui et al. perform co-detection by indexing profiling of 401 hepatocellular carcinoma patient samples and identify a role for vimentin^high macrophages in instructing an immune-suppressive microenvironment by enhancing the suppressive activity of regulatory T cells via interleukin-1β.

The development of flexible thermoelectrics is limited by the low power factor and brittleness of materials. Here the authors present strategy to turn Bi₂Te₃-based single crystals into flexible films with staggered-layer structure while maintaining superior thermoelectric performance.

Understanding how structural differences impact the properties of macrocyclic conformational isomers has garnered attention in the field of supramolecular chemistry. Here, the authors synthesize tetraphenylene-embedded butterfly bis-crown ether macrocycles with conformers that display distinct fluorescence properties and host-guest binding abilities.

Ouyang et al. use a radiogenomic analysis to predict occult lymph node metastasis (OLM) and survival in clinical N0 (cN0) lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). The results suggest that radiogenomics provides complementary clinical, prognostic and molecular information with great potential for the prediction of OLM and risk stratification in cN0 LUAD.