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Millisecond pulsar PSR J0435+3233, with a spin-down rate that is 100 times higher than those of other millisecond pulsars, occupies a unique position on the P–Ṗ diagram. This pulsar challenges classical recycling models and constrains spin-up theories.

Alphaherpesvirus infections pose a health challenge due to the lack of effective broad-spectrum antiviral strategies. Here, the authors identify a broadly neutralizing antibody, 16F9, which targets glycoprotein B, offering cross-protection against multiple viruses and demonstrating robust efficacy in mouse models, paving the way for antiviral interventions.

A reinforcement learning-based virtual reality system, implementing a series of sport sessions with coaching, was as effective as standard physical activity in reducing fat mass in adolescents, with positive effects on cognition.

Photonic time crystals provide a time equivalent to standard spatial crystals. Here, authors observe wave amplification induced by the time modulation and provide experimental proof of a nontrivial temporal topology in the middle of a momentum bandgap.

Regulating the Jahn-Teller effect in single-atom catalysts enables superior peroxymonosulfate activation. The Mn-N₄-C catalysts achieve high-efficiency water purification performance and long-term stability in simulated industrial-scale reactors.

Precise control of water oxidation activity calls for the mastery of surface reconstruction of electrocatalysts. Here, the authors identify the structural origin of surface reconstruction on spinel oxides and report a criterion to evaluate the reconstruction degree, which enable the design of spinel pre-catalyst with controlled reconstruction ability.

Telomeres are proposed to be sentinels for stress. Here, the authors report a strong induction of telomerase in space-flown Arabidopsis without telomere length changes. Instead, telomerase activity is inversely correlated with genome oxidation

Here, Li et al. report a two-component system, GrpP/GrpQ, which promotes UPEC pathogenicity. Mechanistically, GrpP/GrpQ directly activates type 1 fimbria expression to promote UPEC invasion in response to D-serine in the host urine.

Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONP) are approved to treat iron deficiency and have been reported to reduce leukaemia in preclinical models. Here, the authors show that carboxymethyl dextran-coated IONP, but not other types of surface coating, activate the complement alternative pathway, enhancing macrophage phagocytosis and adaptive immunity to reduce leukaemia burden in mouse models.

Ferroptosis is of great importance in plant immunity including microbe-plant interactions. Here, the authors unveil that a regulated ferroptosis process is involved in the mutualistic symbiosis and disease resistance of endophyte OsiSh-2 and host rice.

Huluwa functions as the dorsal determinant during body axis formation in vertebrates, but how it is regulated remains unclear. Here they identify a phosphorylation switch in the conserved PPNSP motif of Huluwa required for axis induction, which is targeted by multiple kinases.

A deep learning algorithm shows promising performance in predicting progression to diabetic retinopathy in patients, up to 5 years in advance, potentially providing support for medical treatment decisions and indications for personalized screening frequency in a real-world cohort.

Core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) is used to classify bacterial strains for epidemiological applications. Here, the authors describe a distributed cgMLST scheme that does not require a central database of allelic sequences, and apply it to study evolutionary patterns of epidemic and endemic strains of the genus Neisseria.

Spinel oxides have attracted interest as water oxidation catalysts due to their efficiency and cost-effectiveness. Now, the covalency competition between tetrahedral and octahedral sites is shown to dominate the OER activity on spinel oxides, and the design principle is used to predict and confirm the superior activity of [Mn]T[Al_0.5Mn_1.5]_OO₄.

Cell type epigenetic and topographic information of primate brain is lacking. Here, authors identified transcriptional regulatory network, gradient expression pattern and disease vulnerability at cell type level in PFC, M1 and V1 of monkey brain by snRNAseq, snATAC-seq and Stereo-seq.

For the object recognition in lightless environments, the authors propose the olfactory-tactile machine learning approach, inspired by the star-nose mole’s neural system. They show how bionic flexible sensor arrays allow for real-time acquisition of object’s form and odor when touching it.

Analysis of CRISPR spacers in Asgardarchaeota metagenomes reveals three family-level groups of viruses associated with these microbial eukaryotes.

Drug discovery based on transcriptional profiling does not require knowledge of protein targets.

The scale-up of the coupling of water electroreduction (HER) with organic electrooxidation remains challenging. Here the authors address this challenge by coupling HER with electrooxidation of raw biomass chitin, cogenerating acetate and green hydrogen safely at high current density.

Designing atomically monodispersed heterogeneous catalysts with uniform active sites and high atom utilization efficiency is of fundamental and practical interest. Here, the authors report a Pt2/mpg-C3N4 catalyst showing enhanced catalytic performance toward the selective hydrogenation and epoxidation

Temporal metamaterials enable wave control through timevarying properties, but achieving broadband antireflection remains challenging. Here, the authors experimentally realize a “temporal taper” metamaterial that provides near-full-band antireflection, eliminating the need for spatial matching components and enabling agile impedance matching.

The evolutionary relationships within Archaea remain unresolved. Here, the authors used genomic approaches to study the Undinarchaeota, a previously uncharacterized clade of DPANN, shed light on their position in an updated archaeal phylogeny and illuminate the history of archaeal genome evolution.

Application of an electric field changes the transport and optical properties of samarium nickelate submerged in water, making it a suitable passive sensor of weak electric fields in salt water.

Nature Immunology’s 20^th anniversary is a good opportunity to reminisce about the ImmGen collective endeavor — its goals, successes and horror stories — and the group’s exploration of various modes of scientific publishing.