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Host gene expression analysis in the detection of bacterial and viral etiology in children hospitalized with a suspected severe infection

Piri et al. analyze blood gene expression profiles in children hospitalized for suspected severe infections to identify transcriptomic markers distinguishing bacterial from viral causes. They identify a two-gene signature, TSPO and SECISBP2, that accurately differentiates bacterial and viral infections across diverse clinical presentations.

Ruut Piri
Milla Valta
Ville Peltola
ResearchOpen Access09 Apr 2026
Communications Medicine

Volume: 6, P: 1-10
Distinct cellular immune responses in children en route to type 1 diabetes with different first-appearing autoantibodies

Previous studies have reported heterogeneity in the progression to clinical type 1 diabetes in children who develop either insulin- or glutamic acid decarboxylase-specific antibodies as their first autoantibodies. Here, the authors show that children who later develop disease have distinct characteristics in early immune responses, which are dependent on the type of autoantibodies that appear first.

Inna Starskaia
Milla Valta
Riitta Lahesmaa
ResearchOpen Access07 May 2024
Nature Communications

Volume: 15, P: 1-13
Comparative analysis of COVID-19 vaccine responses and third booster dose-induced neutralizing antibodies against Delta and Omicron variants

Vaccination shows efficacy in protecting from COVID-19, but regime and dosing optimization is still ongoing. Here the authors show that BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, or their combination with ChAdOx1 induces similar antibody responses, and those receiving three doses of BNT162b2 induce neutralizing antibodies against the Omicron variant.

Milja Belik
Pinja Jalkanen
Ilkka Julkunen
ResearchOpen Access05 May 2022
Nature Communications

Volume: 13, P: 1-10
Early-life immunological and microbial differences between East African and North European children

Nurminen et al. investigate early life immunological and microbial differences between rural African and Northern European children representing high and low microbial exposure environments. Clear differences in immune markers, microbiota and infections are seen between the groups at the age of 6 months.

Noora Nurminen
Yue-Mei Fan
Heikki Hyöty
ResearchOpen Access03 Mar 2026
Communications Medicine

Volume: 6, P: 1-11
COVID-19 mRNA vaccine induced antibody responses against three SARS-CoV-2 variants

Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants contain mutations in the spike protein that may affect vaccine efficacy. Here, Jalkanen et al. show, using sera from 180 BNT162b2-vaccinated health care workers, that neutralization of SARS-CoV2 variant B.1.1.7 is not affected, while neutralization of B.1.351 variant is five-fold reduced.

Pinja Jalkanen
Pekka Kolehmainen
Ilkka Julkunen
ResearchOpen Access28 Jun 2021
Nature Communications

Volume: 12, P: 1-11
The heterogeneous pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus

Although β-cell targeted autoimmune processes and β-cell dysfunction are known to occur in type 1 diabetes mellitus, the precise aetiology and pathological mechanisms are still largely unclear. This Review explores the current knowledge on the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus and describes expected developments in the near future.

Jorma Ilonen
Johanna Lempainen
Riitta Veijola
Reviews18 Sept 2019
Nature Reviews Endocrinology

Volume: 15, P: 635-650
Neutralizing antibodies after the third COVID-19 vaccination in healthcare workers with or without breakthrough infection

Reinholm et al. evaluate COVID-19 vaccine-induced binding and neutralizing antibodies against several SARS-CoV-2 variants 9 months post three doses of vaccines in healthcare workers. Thrice vaccinated individuals could mount an effective humoral response to most variants except for BQ.1.1 and XBB.1.5, emphasizing the need for new vaccine candidates.

Arttu Reinholm
Sari Maljanen
Pekka Kolehmainen
ResearchOpen Access23 Feb 2024
Communications Medicine

Volume: 4, P: 1-13
Coronavirus spike protein-specific antibodies indicate frequent infections and reinfections in infancy and among BNT162b2-vaccinated healthcare workers

Pekka Kolehmainen
Moona Huttunen
Ilkka Julkunen
ResearchOpen Access24 May 2023
Scientific Reports

Volume: 13, P: 1-13

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