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The authors demonstrate that plasma exosomes from children with idiopathic short stature contain elevated hsa-miR-17-3p, that disrupts growth signaling and impairs cartilage cell proliferation. A capsaicin-rich diet in rats triggered gut inflammation, increased exosomal miR-17-3p and recapitulated features of idiopathic short stature.

A turnkey regime for soliton microcombs is demonstrated, in which solitons are generated by switching on a co-integrated pump laser, eliminating the need for photonic and electronic control circuitry.

Visible-light integrated photonics enables compact optical systems for biosensing, quantum information, and atomic clocks. Here, authors demonstrate a vector spectrum analyzer with over an octave of bandwidth and MHz accuracy for broadband characterization of visible-light integrated devices.

’Here the authors provide the demonstration of platicon comb generation in an integrated photonic chip using laser self-injection locking, They take advantage of platicons generation in normal GVD resonators, which significantly relaxes the material and geometry design restrictions

Nanometric distance metrology is needed in application spanning from nanotechnology to largescale manufacturing. Here, authors used a mutually coherent soliton pulse pair generated in a single microresonator for dual-comb ranging (DCR), achieving record 1-nm precision and reducing power requirements by over 60 dB.

Artificial photoresponsive transport systems offer potential in precise control and rapid response times, but reusable systems are challenging to design. Here, the authors report the development of a photoresponsive ion transport system with a change in transport activity on isomerisation.

By monolithically integrating piezoelectric actuators on ultralow-loss photonic circuits, soliton microcombs—a spectrum of sharp lines over a range of optical frequencies—can be modulated at high speeds with megahertz bandwidths.

An electrically driven, magnetic-free optical isolator is demonstrated. The device, based on aluminium nitride piezoelectric modulators and a silicon nitride microring resonator, may be useful for integrated lasers and other opto-electric systems.

Nanophotonic microwave synthesizers in the X-band (10 GHz, for radar) and K-band (20 GHz, for 5G), based on integrated soliton microcombs driven by a low-noise fibre laser, link the fields of microwave photonics and integrated microcombs.

Chip-based frequency combs promise many applications, but full integration requires the electrical pump source and the microresonator to be on the same chip. Here, the authors show such integration of a microcomb with < 100 GHz mode spacing without additional filtering cavities or on-chip heaters.

A microphotonic astrocomb is demonstrated via temporal dissipative Kerr solitons in photonic-chip-based silicon nitride microresonators with a precision of 25 cm s^–1 (radial velocity equivalent), useful for Earth-like planet detection and cosmological research.

Efficient and accurate annotation of malignant cells is crucial for single-cell and spatial transcriptomics in cancer. Here, the authors develop Cancer-Finder, a deep-learning algorithm that can identify malignant cells in cancer single-cell and spatial transcriptomics data with speed and precision.

Optical frequency combs enable precise measurement of optical frequencies, but integrated setups require a delicate balance between high precision and low power consumption. The authors demonstrate a sub-kHz-frequency measurement scheme based on a fully stabilized electro-optic comb that enables the parallel measurement of multiple wavelengths.

For widespread technological application of nonlinear photonic integrated circuits, ultralow optical losses and high fabrication throughput are required. Here, the authors present a CMOS fabrication technique that realizes integrate photonic microresonators on waver-level with mean quality factors exceeding 30 million and 1 dB/m optical losses.

A spatial multi-omics method with high decoding capacity and reduced sequencing and imaging costs enhances the high-throughput detection of gene mutations, allele-specific expression and RNA modifications in tissue samples.

By combining an ultralow-loss silicon nitride reference cavity with a diode laser, the interrogation of a strontium-ion optical clock is possible with excellent accuracy. The development is a step towards miniature, integrated optical clocks.

Optical absorption and nonlinear index are important performance drivers in devices like microcombs. Here the authors use resonance-enhanced nonlinear spectroscopy to characterize absorption limits and nonlinear index for some integrated photonic materials.

By using Si₃N₄ photonic integrated circuits on a silicon chip, a continuous-travelling-wave parametric amplifier is shown to yield a parametric gain exceeding both on-chip propagation loss as well as fibre–chip–fibre coupling losses.

Many industrial applications require switchable adhesive properties in wet conditions, but this still remains challenging to achieve. Here the authors synthesize an adhesive based on host-guest interactions that exhibits reversible, tunable and fast regulation of the wet adhesion on diverse surfaces.

Chen et al. report on a renal UTX-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase axis that regulates serine secretion to affect lipid metabolism in the kidney and liver upon over-nutrition, suggesting potential treatment targets for obesity-related diseases.

Lithium niobate plays an important role in integrated photonics, but its widespread application requires a reliable solution. Here, the authors present a wafer-scale approach to LNOI integration via wafer bonding to silicon nitride PICs.

A frequency-tunable laser based on a hybrid silicon nitride and lithium niobate integrated photonic platform has a fast tuning rate and could be used for optical ranging applications.

The intrinsic random amplitude and phase modulation of 40 distinct lines of a microresonator frequency comb operated in the modulation instability regime are used to realize massively parallel random-modulation continuous-wave light detection and ranging, without requiring any electro-optical modulator or microwave synthesizer.

Photonic integrated systems can be harnessed for fast and efficient optical telecommunication and metrology technologies. Here the authors develop a dual-soliton microcomb technique for massively parallel coherent laser ranging that requires only a single laser and a single photoreceiver.

Stable and tunable integrated lasers are fundamental building blocks for applications from spectroscopy to imaging and communication. Here the authors present a narrow linewidth hybrid photonic integrated laser with low frequency noise and fast linear wavelength tuning. They then provide an efficient FMCW LIDAR demonstration.

Here, the authors find the missing link for soliton microcombs that exist at the boundary where the group velocity dispersion of light changes sign: zero-dispersion solitons. The resulting microresonator frequency comb, based in Si3N4, spans almost an octave.

A silicon nitride microresonator is used for coherent phase modulation of a transmission electron microscope beam, with future applications in combining high-resolution microscopy with spectroscopy, holography and metrology.

Self-injection locking of the pump laser for a soliton microcomb has significantly relaxed the requirements for laser drives. Here the authors study self-injection locking in experiment and theory and reveal that the soliton formation is feasible with detunings unreachable according to previous theories.

Here, the authors generate dissipative Kerr solitons with stable repetition rates and low optical power threshold. They achieve this by actively switching the bias current of injection-locked III-V semiconductor lasers and pulse-pumping crystalline and integrated microresonators with picosecond laser pulses.

Optical technologies could enable fast and power-efficient networks for data centers. Here, the authors report Si₃N₄ microcomb based ultrafast photonic switching to provide enhanced performance for data center applications.

Superluminescent diodes, that provide a broadband spectrum are typically used in spectral domain coherence tomography. Here, the authors use chipscale silicon nitride resonators to generate soliton microcombs with a lower noise flor that could substitute the diode sources.

A dissipative Kerr soliton crystal state is a temporally ordered regular ensemble of soliton pulses within a cavity. Chaotic driving of optical resonators enables the defect-free creation and dynamical characterization of these states.

For microcomb-based radiofrequency filters pulse shapers are required, which increase the system cost, footprint, and complexity. Here, the authors bypass this need by exploiting versatile soliton states inherent in microresonator and achieve reconfigurable radiofrequency filters.

Here, the authors demonstrate acousto-optic modulation of silicon nitride microring resonators using high-overtone bulk acoustic wave resonances, allowing modulation in the GHz range via acoustic waves. As an application, an optical isolator is demonstrated with 17 dB non-reciprocity.

Dissipative Kerr solitons in optical microresonators provide excellent optical frequency comb sources for precision metrology and imaging techniques. Here, Karpov et al. demonstrate a chipscale octave-spanning soliton-based comb, operating at 1 μm wavelength that covers the biological imaging window.

Full tomography of biphoton frequency comb states requires frequency mixing operations which are hard to scale. Here, the authors propose and demonstrate a protocol exploiting advanced Bayesian statistical methods and randomized measurements coming from complex mode mixing in electro-optic phase modulators.

A massively parallel coherent light detection and ranging (lidar) scheme using a soliton microcomb—a light source that emits a wide spectrum of sharp lines with equally spaced frequencies—is described.

We present a chip-scale second-harmonic source based on the self-injection-locking of a semiconductor laser to a high-Q silicon nitride microresonator. All-optical poling enables efficient frequency conversion with hertz-level emission linewidth.

Adiabatic bends are used to reduce the optical loss of waveguides for integrated optics, but quantitative analysis of their adiabaticity have not been reported. Here, racetrack microresonators with circular and Euler bends are compared quantitatively, showing that the adiabatic Euler bends can preserve low optical loss and avoid spatial mode interaction in multimode waveguides.