This study reveals that during human gait development, neuromotor modules (muscle synergies) and limb biomechanical properties co-evolve toward bilateral symmetry, which enhances locomotor stability. By combining longitudinal EMG, kinematic, and neuromusculoskeletal modeling data from infants, adults, and elders, the authors demonstrate that functional symmetrization of these modules underlies efficient and stable gait control across the lifespan.
- Jiayin Lin
- Sophia C. W. Ha
- Vincent C. K. Cheung
