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The impacts of antimicrobial resistance are unequally distributed and are more severe in lower- and middle-income countries. Here, the authors perform a critical interpretive synthesis of the evidence on intersectional inequities driving antimicrobial resistance and present a conceptual framework of their findings.

Openshaw and colleagues find myeloid inflammation and complement activation signatures in patients with long COVID who were previously hospitalized.

Burrows, Denckla and colleagues performed a systematic review to evaluate the available evidence linking climate change to mental health outcomes.

Many individual genetic risk loci associate with multiple diseases, but the molecular basis of these loci often remains unclear. Here, the authors provide a framework to reveal the genetic cross-disease associations at the PROCR vascular disease locus.

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is used to accelerate neutrophil engraftment in bone marrow transplant (BMT) recipients to reduce bacterial infections but may also enhance the risk of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Morris et al. now show that total body irradiation increases the expression of the G-CSF receptor on recipient dendritic cells, resulting in the activation of donor natural killer T cells and enhanced GVHD when G-CSF is administered shortly after BMT (pages 363–364).

The ATLAS Collaboration reports a measurement of the ratio of the decay rates of W bosons to τ leptons and muons, in agreement with universal lepton couplings as postulated in the standard model of particle physics.

The ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider reports a search for charged-lepton-flavour violation in decays of Z bosons into a τ lepton and an electron or muon of opposite charge.

RIG-I–like receptors are important inducers of innate immunity. Reinecker and colleagues find that activation of the microtubule-associated guanine nucleotide exchange factor GEF-H1 is essential for sensing of foreign RNA by these receptors.

DNA damage-induced micronuclei are linked to downstream viral signalling through the cGAS pattern recognition receptor. Here, the authors identify features of micronuclei chromatin that determine cGAS-MN recruitment and associated pathway activation.

Unlike most inflammatory fibrotic conditions, frozen shoulder is a spontaneously self-resolving human disease. Here authors study samples from frozen shoulder capsules by single cell RNA sequencing and by microculture modelling of cell-cell interactions to conclude that specific macrophage populations and their interaction with fibroblasts might promote fibrosis resolution.

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) can be a life-threatening complication of bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Understanding the mechanisms causing GVHD is important to developing treatments or preventive therapies. In this issue, Koyama et al. report the surprising finding that recipient nonhematopoietic antigen-presenting cells, rather than dendritic cells, are the crucial factor in inducing CD4⁺ T cell–dependent GVHD and death in mice.

Vaccination is effective in protecting from COVID-19. Here the authors report immune responses and breakthrough infections in twice-vaccinated patients receiving anti-TNF treatments for inflammatory bowel disease, and find dampened vaccine responses that implicate the need of adapted vaccination schedules for these patients.

Cratons in central and southern Africa exhibit diverse structures, compositions and responses to geodynamic settings, according to a high-resolution thermochemical regional model constructed from land- and satellite-based geophysical observations.

The ATLAS Collaboration reports the observation of the electroweak production of two jets and a Z-boson pair. This process is related to vector-boson scattering and allows the nature of electroweak symmetry breaking to be probed.

Quantum electrodynamics predicts a rare process in which light is scattered by light. The ATLAS Collaboration reports signs of this elusive effect in the collisions of ultra-relativistic lead ions.

Second wave of flooding overloads canals.

Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension is a rare and fatal disease with a heterogeneous treatment response. Here the authors show that unsupervised machine learning of whole blood transcriptomes from 359 patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension identifies 3 subgroups (endophenotypes) that improve risk stratification and provide new molecular insights.

Biallelic mutations in the sorbitol dehydrogenase gene SORD are identified as a common cause of hereditary neuropathy. Functional studies suggest that SORD deficiency may be treatable with aldose reductase inhibitors.

Influenza virus infection produces double-stranded RNA precursors that are converted to small interfering RNAs by host Dicer; this RNA interference mechanism is inhibited by viral protein NS1.

Primary biliary cirrhosis is an autoimmune liver disease with poor therapeutic options. Here Cordell et al. a perform meta-analysis of European genome-wide association studies identifying six novel risk loci and a number of potential therapeutic pathways.

Green ammonia production could contribute to decarbonization and the decentralization of fertilizer production, but it brings critical challenges and risks. Assessing and addressing these challenges in real time will help advance technology and avoid unintended consequences.

Global high-resolution crop-specific estimates of greenhouse gas emissions intensity (in 2000) reveal that certain cropping practices contribute disproportionately to emissions, making them suitable targets for climate mitigation policies.

China’s agricultural output is growing rapidly, but the environmental impacts are unclear. This study finds this impact has risen, but much more slowly than output due to improved farm management, though ongoing shifts in cropland location may challenge this development.

This Review explores the mechanistic links underlying the associations between HLA and kidney diseases. The authors discuss how these links might provide insights into disease pathogenesis and describe the clinical implications of these insights.

Usher syndrome is a congenital form of deafness and vestibular dysfunction characterized by mutations in the USH1C gene encoding harmonin. Michelle L. Hastings and her colleagues show in a mouse model of Usher syndrome that early treatment with antisense oligonucleotides corrects defective pre-mRNA splicing of mutant USH1C, increasing full-length harmonin expression and restoring low-frequency hearing and vestibular function.

The value of ecosystem services in cities around the world is highly uncertain. This Review focuses on ten of the most commonly cited urban ecosystem services and presents a synthesis of the scholarship on the factors that moderate the value and equitable distribution of such services.